doc: add the discription doc of theseus layer
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# TheseusLayer 使用说明
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基于 TheseusLayer 构建的网络模型,支持网络截断、返回网络中间层输出和修改网络中间层的功能。
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---
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## 目录
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- [1. 前言](#1)
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- [2. 网络层描述符说明](#2)
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- [3. 功能介绍](#3)
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- [3.1 网络截断(stop_after)](#3.1)
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- [3.2 返回网络中间层输出(update_res)](#3.2)
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- [3.3 修改网络中间层(upgrade_sublayer)](#3.3)
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<a name="1"></a>
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## 1. 前言
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`TheseusLayer` 是继承了 `nn.Layer` 的子类,使用 `TheseusLayer` 作为父类构建的网络模型,可以通过 `TheseusLayer` 的 `stop_after()`、`update_res()` 和 `upgrade_sublayer()` 实现网络截断、返回中间层输出以及修改网络中间层的功能。目前 PaddleClas 中 `ppcls.arch.backbone.legendary_models` 下的所有模型均支持上述操作。
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如需基于 `TheseusLayer` 构建新的网络结构,只需继承 `TheseusLayer` 即可:
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```python
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from ppcls.arch.backbone.base.theseus_layer import TheseusLayer
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class net(TheseusLayer):
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def __init__():
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super().__init__()
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def forward(x):
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pass
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```
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<a name="2"></a>
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## 2. 网络层描述符说明
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使用 `TheseusLayer` 提供的方法对模型进行操作/修改时,需要通过参数指定网络中间层,因此 `TheseusLayer` 规定了用于描述网络中间层的网络层描述符。网络层描述符为 Python 字符串(str)类型,使用网络层对象的变量名指定子层,以 `.` 作为网络层级的分隔符,对于 `nn.Sequential` 类型的层,使用 `["index"]` 指定其子层。
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以 `MobileNetV1` 网络为例,其模型结构定义在 [MobileNetV1](../../../ppcls/arch/backbone/legendary_models/mobilenet_v1.py)。网络 `MobileNetV1` 由 `conv`、`blocks`、`avg_pool`、`flatten` 和 `fc` 4 个子层组成,其中 `blocks` 为 `nn.Sequential` 类型对象,包括 13 层 `DepthwiseSeparable` 类型的子层,`DepthwiseSeparable` 又由 `depthwise_conv` 和 `pointwise_conv` 2 个子层组成,`depthwise_conv` 和 `pointwise_conv` 均为 `ConvBNLayer` 类型对象,由 `conv`、`bn` 和 `relu` 3 层子层组成,如下图所示:
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```
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MobileNetV1 (TheseusLayer)
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├── conv (ConvBNLayer)
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│ ├── conv (nn.Conv2D)
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│ ├── bn (nn.BatchNorm)
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│ └── relu (nn.ReLU)
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│
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├── blocks (nn.Sequential)
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│ ├── blocks0 (DepthwiseSeparable)
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│ │ ├── depthwise_conv (ConvBNLayer)
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│ │ │ ├── conv (nn.Conv2D)
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│ │ │ ├── bn (nn.BatchNorm)
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│ │ │ └── relu (nn.ReLU)
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│ │ └── pointwise_conv (ConvBNLayer)
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│ │ ├── conv (nn.Conv2D)
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│ │ ├── bn (nn.BatchNorm)
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│ │ └── relu (nn.ReLU)
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│ .
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│ .
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│ .
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│ └── blocks12 (DepthwiseSeparable)
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│ ├── depthwise_conv (ConvBNLayer)
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│ │ ├── conv (nn.Conv2D)
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│ │ ├── bn (nn.BatchNorm)
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│ │ └── relu (nn.ReLU)
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│ └── pointwise_conv (ConvBNLayer)
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│ ├── conv (nn.Conv2D)
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│ ├── bn (nn.BatchNorm)
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│ └── relu (nn.ReLU)
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│
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├── avg_pool (nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2D)
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│
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├── flatten (nn.Flatten)
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│
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└── fc (nn.Linear)
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```
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因此,对于 `MobileNetV1` 而言:
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* 网络层描述符 `blocks[0].depthwise_conv.conv`,其指定了网络 `MobileNetV1` 的 `blocks` 层中的第 `1` 个 `DepthwiseSeparable` 对象中的 `depthwise_conv` 中的 `conv` 这一层;
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* 网络层描述符 `blocks[5]`,其指定了网络 `MobileNetV1` 的 `blocks` 层中的第 `6` 个 `DepthwiseSeparable` 对象这一层;
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* 网络层描述符 `flatten`,其指定了网络 `MobileNetV1` 的 `flatten` 这一层。
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<a name="3"></a>
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## 3. 方法说明
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PaddleClas 提供的 backbone 网络均基于图像分类数据集训练得到,因此网络的尾部带有用于分类的全连接层,而在特定任务场景下,需要去掉分类的全连接层。在部分下游任务中,例如目标检测场景,需要获取到网络中间层的输出结果,也可能需要对网络的中间层进行修改,因此 `TheseusLayer` 提供了 3 个接口函数用于实现不同的修改功能。
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<a name="3.1"></a>
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### 3.1 网络截断(stop_after)
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```python
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def stop_after(self, stop_layer_name: str) -> bool:
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"""stop forward and backward after 'stop_layer_name'.
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Args:
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stop_layer_name (str): The name of layer that stop forward and backward after this layer.
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Returns:
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bool: 'True' if successful, 'False' otherwise.
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"""
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```
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该方法可通过参数 `stop_layer_name` 指定网络中的特定子层,并将该层之后的所有层修改为映射层(`Identity`),从而达到网络截断的目的。映射层(`Identity`)的定义如下:
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```python
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class Identity(nn.Layer):
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def __init__(self):
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super(Identity, self).__init__()
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def forward(self, inputs):
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return inputs
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```
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当该方法成功执行时,其返回值为 `True`,否则为 `False`。
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以 `MobileNetV1` 网络为例,当 `stop_layer_name` 为 `"blocks[0].depthwise_conv.conv"`,该方法:
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* 将网络 `MobileNetV1` 的 `avg_pool`、`flatten` 和 `fc` 置为 `Identity`;
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* 将 `blocks` 层的第 2 至 第 13 个子层置为 `Identity`;
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* 将 `blocks` 层第 1 个子层的 `pointwise_conv` 置为 `Identity`;
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* 将 `blocks` 层第 1 个子层的 `depthwise_conv` 的 `bn` 和 `relu` 置为 `Identity`;
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具体效果可以参考下方代码案例进行尝试。
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```python
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import paddleclas
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net = paddleclas.MobileNetV1()
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print("========== the origin mobilenetv1 net arch ==========")
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print(net)
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res = net.stop_after(stop_layer_name="blocks[0].depthwise_conv.conv")
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print("The result returned by stop_after(): ", res)
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# The result returned by stop_after(): True
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print("\n\n========== the truncated mobilenetv1 net arch ==========")
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print(net)
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```
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<a name="3.2"></a>
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### 3.2 返回网络中间层输出(update_res)
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```python
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def update_res(
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self,
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return_patterns: Union[str, List[str]]) -> Dict[str, nn.Layer]:
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"""update the result(s) to be returned.
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Args:
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return_patterns (Union[str, List[str]]): The name of layer to return output.
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Returns:
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Dict[str, nn.Layer]: The pattern(str) and corresponding layer(nn.Layer) that have been set successfully.
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"""
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```
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该方法可通过参数 `return_patterns` 指定一层或多层网络的中间子层,并在网络前向时,将指定层的输出结果与网络的最终结果一同返回。该方法的返回值为 `dict` 对象,元素为设置成功的层,其中,key 为设置成功的网络层描述符,value 为对应的网络层对象。
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以 `MobileNetV1` 网络为例,当 `return_patterns` 为 `["blocks[0]", "blocks[2]", "blocks[4]", "blocks[10]"]`,在网络前向推理时,网络的输出结果将包含以上 4 层的输出,具体效果可以参考下方代码案例进行尝试。
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```python
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import numpy as np
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import paddle
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import paddleclas
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np_input = np.zeros((1, 3, 224, 224))
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pd_input = paddle.to_tensor(np_input, dtype="float32")
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net = paddleclas.MobileNetV1(pretrained=True)
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output = net(pd_input)
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print("The output's type of origin net: ", type(output))
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# The output's type of origin net: <class 'paddle.Tensor'>
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res = net.update_res(return_patterns=["blocks[0]", "blocks[2]", "blocks[4]", "blocks[10]"])
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print("The result returned by update_res(): ", res)
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# The result returned by update_res(): {'blocks[0]': ...}
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output = net(pd_input)
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print("The output's keys of processed net: ", output.keys())
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# The output's keys of net: dict_keys(['output', 'blocks[0]', 'blocks[2]', 'blocks[4]', 'blocks[10]'])
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```
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除了通过调用方法 `update_res()` 的方式之外,也同样可以在实例化网络对象时,通过指定参数 `return_patterns` 实现相同效果:
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```python
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net = paddleclas.MobileNetV1(pretrained=True, return_patterns=["blocks[0]", "blocks[2]", "blocks[4]", "blocks[10]"])
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```
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<a name="3.3"></a>
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### 3.3 修改网络中间层(upgrade_sublayer)
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```python
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def upgrade_sublayer(self,
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layer_name_pattern: Union[str, List[str]],
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handle_func: Callable[[nn.Layer, str], nn.Layer]
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) -> Dict[str, nn.Layer]:
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"""use 'handle_func' to modify the sub-layer(s) specified by 'layer_name_pattern'.
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Args:
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layer_name_pattern (Union[str, List[str]]): The name of layer to be modified by 'handle_func'.
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handle_func (Callable[[nn.Layer, str], nn.Layer]): The function to modify target layer specified by 'layer_name_pattern'. The formal params are the layer(nn.Layer) and pattern(str) that is (a member of) layer_name_pattern (when layer_name_pattern is List type). And the return is the layer processed.
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Returns:
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Dict[str, nn.Layer]: The key is the pattern and corresponding value is the result returned by 'handle_func()'.
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"""
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```
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该方法可通过参数 `layer_name_pattern` 指定一层或多层网络子层,并使用参数 `handle_func` 所指定的函数对指定的子层进行修改。该方法的返回值为 `dict`,元素为修改的层,其中,key 为指定的网络层描述符,value 为 `handle_func` 针对该层的返回结果。
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`upgrade_sublayer` 方法会根据 `layer_name_pattern` 查找对应的网络子层,并将查找到的子层和其 `pattern` 传入可调用对象 `handle_func`,并使用 `handle_func` 的返回值替换该层。需要注意的是,形参 `handle_func` 须为可调用对象,且该对象应有 2 个形参,第 1 个形参为 `nn.Layer` 类型,第 2 个形参为 `str` 类型,该可调用对象返回值必须为 `nn.Layer` 类型对象。
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以 `MobileNetV1` 网络为例,将网络最后的 2 个 block 中的深度可分离卷积(depthwise_conv)改为 `5*5` 大小的卷积核,同时将 padding 改为 `2`,如下方代码所示:
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```python
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from paddle import nn
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import paddleclas
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def rep_func(layer: nn.Layer, pattern: str):
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new_layer = nn.Conv2D(
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in_channels=layer._in_channels,
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out_channels=layer._out_channels,
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kernel_size=5,
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padding=2
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)
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return new_layer
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net = paddleclas.MobileNetV1(pretrained=True)
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print("========== the origin mobilenetv1 net arch ==========")
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print(net)
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res = net.upgrade_sublayer(layer_name_pattern=["blocks[11].depthwise_conv.conv", "blocks[12].depthwise_conv.conv"], handle_func=rep_func)
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print("The result returned by upgrade_sublayer() is", res)
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# The result returned by replace_sub() is {'blocks[11].depthwise_conv.conv': Conv2D(512, 512, kernel_size=[5, 5], padding=2, data_format=NCHW), 'blocks[12].depthwise_conv.conv': Conv2D(1024, 1024, kernel_size=[5, 5], padding=2, data_format=NCHW)}
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print("\n\n========== the upgraded mobilenetv1 net arch ==========")
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print(net)
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```
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