[Feature] Add Registry (#11)

docs/en/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Registry
+--------
+.. automodule:: mmengine.registry
+    :members:

docs/en/index.rst

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ You can switch between Chinese and English documents in the lower-left corner of
 
    tutorials/registry.md
 
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: API Reference
+
+   api.rst
+
 .. toctree::
    :caption: Switch Language
 

docs/zh_cn/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Registry
+--------
+.. automodule:: mmengine.registry
+    :members:

docs/zh_cn/index.rst

@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@
    tutorials/registry.md
    tutorials/config.md
 
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: API 文档
+
+   api.rst
+
 .. toctree::
    :caption: 语言切换
 

mmengine/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
 # flake8: noqa
 from .fileio import *
+from .registry import *
 from .utils import *

mmengine/registry/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
+from .registry import Registry, build_from_cfg
+from .root import (DATA_SAMPLERS, DATASETS, HOOKS, MODELS,
+                   OPTIMIZER_CONSTRUCTORS, OPTIMIZERS, RUNNER_CONSTRUCTORS,
+                   RUNNERS, TASK_UTILS, TRANSFORMS, WEIGHT_INITIALIZERS)
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Registry', 'build_from_cfg', 'RUNNERS', 'RUNNER_CONSTRUCTORS', 'HOOKS',
+    'DATASETS', 'DATA_SAMPLERS', 'TRANSFORMS', 'MODELS', 'WEIGHT_INITIALIZERS',
+    'OPTIMIZERS', 'OPTIMIZER_CONSTRUCTORS', 'TASK_UTILS'
+]

mmengine/registry/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
+import inspect
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+
+from ..config import Config, ConfigDict
+from ..utils import is_seq_of
+
+
+def build_from_cfg(
+        cfg: Union[dict, ConfigDict, Config],
+        registry: 'Registry',
+        default_args: Optional[Union[dict, ConfigDict,
+                                     Config]] = None) -> object:
+    """Build a module from config dict.
+
+    At least one of the ``cfg`` and ``default_args`` contains the key "type"
+    which type should be either str or class. If they all contain it, the key
+    in ``cfg`` will be used because ``cfg`` has a high priority than
+    ``default_args`` that means if a key exist in both of them, the value of
+    the key will be ``cfg[key]``. They will be merged first and the key "type"
+    will be popped up and the remaining keys will be used as initialization
+    arguments.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> from mmengine import Registry, build_from_cfg
+        >>> MODELS = Registry('models')
+        >>> @MODELS.register_module()
+        >>> class ResNet:
+        >>>     def __init__(self, depth, stages=4):
+        >>>         self.depth = depth
+        >>>         self.stages = stages
+        >>> cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
+        >>> model = build_from_cfg(cfg, MODELS)
+
+    Args:
+        cfg (dict or ConfigDict or Config): Config dict. It should at least
+            contain the key "type".
+        registry (:obj:`Registry`): The registry to search the type from.
+        default_args (dict or ConfigDict or Config, optional): Default
+            initialization arguments. Defaults to None.
+
+    Returns:
+        object: The constructed object.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cfg, (dict, ConfigDict, Config)):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'cfg should be a dict, ConfigDict or Config, but got {type(cfg)}')
+
+    if 'type' not in cfg:
+        if default_args is None or 'type' not in default_args:
+            raise KeyError(
+                '`cfg` or `default_args` must contain the key "type", '
+                f'but got {cfg}\n{default_args}')
+
+    if not isinstance(registry, Registry):
+        raise TypeError('registry must be a mmengine.Registry object, '
+                        f'but got {type(registry)}')
+
+    if not (isinstance(default_args,
+                       (dict, ConfigDict, Config)) or default_args is None):
+        raise TypeError(
+            'default_args should be a dict, ConfigDict, Config or None, '
+            f'but got {type(default_args)}')
+
+    args = cfg.copy()
+
+    if default_args is not None:
+        for name, value in default_args.items():
+            args.setdefault(name, value)
+
+    obj_type = args.pop('type')
+    if isinstance(obj_type, str):
+        obj_cls = registry.get(obj_type)
+        if obj_cls is None:
+            raise KeyError(
+                f'{obj_type} is not in the {registry.name} registry. '
+                f'Please check whether the value of `{obj_type}` is correct or'
+                ' it was registered as expected. More details can be found at'
+                ' https://mmengine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/config.html#import-custom-python-modules'  # noqa: E501
+            )
+    elif inspect.isclass(obj_type):
+        obj_cls = obj_type
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f'type must be a str or valid type, but got {type(obj_type)}')
+
+    try:
+        return obj_cls(**args)  # type: ignore
+    except Exception as e:
+        # Normal TypeError does not print class name.
+        raise type(e)(f'{obj_cls.__name__}: {e}')  # type: ignore
+
+
+class Registry:
+    """A registry to map strings to classes.
+
+    Registered objects could be built from registry.
+
+    Args:
+        name (str): Registry name.
+        build_func (callable, optional): A function to construct instance
+            from Registry. :func:`build_from_cfg` is used if neither ``parent``
+            or ``build_func`` is specified. If ``parent`` is specified and
+            ``build_func`` is not given,  ``build_func`` will be inherited
+            from ``parent``. Defaults to None.
+        parent (:obj:`Registry`, optional): Parent registry. The class
+            registered in children registry could be built from parent.
+            Defaults to None.
+        scope (str, optional): The scope of registry. It is the key to search
+            for children registry. If not specified, scope will be the name of
+            the package where class is defined, e.g. mmdet, mmcls, mmseg.
+            Defaults to None.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> # define a registry
+        >>> MODELS = Registry('models')
+        >>> # registry the `ResNet` to `MODELS`
+        >>> @MODELS.register_module()
+        >>> class ResNet:
+        >>>     pass
+        >>> # build model from `MODELS`
+        >>> resnet = MODELS.build(dict(type='ResNet'))
+
+        >>> # hierarchical registry
+        >>> DETECTORS = Registry('detectors', parent=MODELS, scope='det')
+        >>> @DETECTORS.register_module()
+        >>> class FasterRCNN:
+        >>>     pass
+        >>> fasterrcnn = DETECTORS.build(dict(type='FasterRCNN'))
+
+    More advanced usages can be found at
+    https://mmengine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/registry.html.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 name: str,
+                 build_func: Optional[Callable] = None,
+                 parent: Optional['Registry'] = None,
+                 scope: Optional[str] = None):
+        self._name = name
+        self._module_dict: Dict[str, Type] = dict()
+        self._children: Dict[str, 'Registry'] = dict()
+
+        if scope is not None:
+            assert isinstance(scope, str)
+            self._scope = scope
+        else:
+            self._scope = self.infer_scope() if scope is None else scope
+
+        # See https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/common_issues.html#
+        # variables-vs-type-aliases for the use
+        self.parent: Optional['Registry']
+        if parent is not None:
+            assert isinstance(parent, Registry)
+            parent._add_child(self)
+            self.parent = parent
+        else:
+            self.parent = None
+
+        # self.build_func will be set with the following priority:
+        # 1. build_func
+        # 2. parent.build_func
+        # 3. build_from_cfg
+        self.build_func: Callable
+        if build_func is None:
+            if self.parent is not None:
+                self.build_func = self.parent.build_func
+            else:
+                self.build_func = build_from_cfg
+        else:
+            self.build_func = build_func
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._module_dict)
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return self.get(key) is not None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        format_str = self.__class__.__name__ + \
+                     f'(name={self._name}, ' \
+                     f'items={self._module_dict})'
+        return format_str
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def infer_scope() -> str:
+        """Infer the scope of registry.
+
+        The name of the package where registry is defined will be returned.
+
+        Returns:
+            str: The inferred scope name.
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> # in mmdet/models/backbone/resnet.py
+            >>> MODELS = Registry('models')
+            >>> @MODELS.register_module()
+            >>> class ResNet:
+            >>>     pass
+            >>> # The scope of ``ResNet`` will be ``mmdet``.
+        """
+        # `sys._getframe` returns the frame object that many calls below the
+        # top of the stack. The call stack for `infer_scope` can be listed as
+        # follow:
+        # frame-0: `infer_scope` itself
+        # frame-1: `__init__` of `Registry` which calls the `infer_scope`
+        # frame-2: Where the `Registry(...)` is called
+        filename = inspect.getmodule(sys._getframe(2)).__name__  # type: ignore
+        split_filename = filename.split('.')
+        return split_filename[0]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def split_scope_key(key: str) -> Tuple[Optional[str], str]:
+        """Split scope and key.
+
+        The first scope will be split from key.
+
+        Return:
+            tuple[str | None, str]: The former element is the first scope of
+            the key, which can be ``None``. The latter is the remaining key.
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> Registry.split_scope_key('mmdet.ResNet')
+            'mmdet', 'ResNet'
+            >>> Registry.split_scope_key('ResNet')
+            None, 'ResNet'
+        """
+        split_index = key.find('.')
+        if split_index != -1:
+            return key[:split_index], key[split_index + 1:]
+        else:
+            return None, key
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    @property
+    def scope(self):
+        return self._scope
+
+    @property
+    def module_dict(self):
+        return self._module_dict
+
+    @property
+    def children(self):
+        return self._children
+
+    def _get_root_registry(self) -> 'Registry':
+        """Return the root registry."""
+        root = self
+        while root.parent is not None:
+            root = root.parent
+        return root
+
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Optional[Type]:
+        """Get the registry record.
+
+        The method will first parse :attr:`key` and check whether it contains
+        a scope name. The logic to search for :attr:`key`:
+
+        - ``key`` does not contain a scope name, i.e., it is purely a module
+          name like "ResNet": :meth:`get` will search for ``ResNet`` from the
+          current registry to its parent or ancestors until finding it.
+
+        - ``key`` contains a scope name and it is equal to the scope of the
+          current registry (e.g., "mmcls"), e.g., "mmcls.ResNet": :meth:`get`
+          will only search for ``ResNet`` in the current registry.
+
+        - ``key`` contains a scope name and it is not equal to the scope of
+          the current registry (e.g., "mmdet"), e.g., "mmcls.FCNet": If the
+          scope exists in its children, :meth:`get`will get "FCNet" from
+          them. If not, :meth:`get` will first get the root registry and root
+          registry call its own :meth:`get` method.
+
+        Args:
+            key (str): Name of the registered item, e.g., the class name in
+            string format.
+
+        Returns:
+            Type or None: Return the corresponding class if ``key`` exists,
+            otherwise return None.
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> # define a registry
+            >>> MODELS = Registry('models')
+            >>> # register `ResNet` to `MODELS`
+            >>> @MODELS.register_module()
+            >>> class ResNet:
+            >>>     pass
+            >>> resnet_cls = MODELS.get('ResNet')
+
+            >>> # hierarchical registry
+            >>> DETECTORS = Registry('detector', parent=MODELS, scope='det')
+            >>> # `ResNet` does not exist in `DETECTORS` but `get` method
+            >>> # will try to search from its parenet or ancestors
+            >>> resnet_cls = DETECTORS.get('ResNet')
+            >>> CLASSIFIER = Registry('classifier', parent=MODELS, scope='cls')
+            >>> @CLASSIFIER.register_module()
+            >>> class MobileNet:
+            >>>     pass
+            >>> # `get` from its sibling registries
+            >>> mobilenet_cls = DETECTORS.get('cls.MobileNet')
+        """
+        scope, real_key = self.split_scope_key(key)
+        if scope is None or scope == self._scope:
+            # get from self
+            if real_key in self._module_dict:
+                return self._module_dict[real_key]
+
+            if scope is None:
+                # try to get the target from its parent or ancestors
+                parent = self.parent
+                while parent is not None:
+                    if real_key in parent._module_dict:
+                        return parent._module_dict[real_key]
+                    parent = parent.parent
+        else:
+            # get from self._children
+            if scope in self._children:
+                return self._children[scope].get(real_key)
+            else:
+                root = self._get_root_registry()
+                return root.get(key)
+
+        return None
+
+    def _search_child(self, scope: str) -> Optional['Registry']:
+        """Depth-first search for the corresponding registry in its children.
+
+        Note that the method only search for the corresponding registry from
+        the current registry. Therefore, if we want to search from the root
+        registry, :meth:`_get_root_registry` should be called to get the
+        root registry first.
+
+        Args:
+            scope (str): The scope name used for searching for its
+                corresponding registry.
+
+        Returns:
+            Registry or None: Return the corresponding registry if ``scope``
+            exists, otherwise return None.
+        """
+        if self._scope == scope:
+            return self
+
+        for child in self._children.values():
+            registry = child._search_child(scope)
+            if registry is not None:
+                return registry
+
+        return None
+
+    def build(self,
+              *args,
+              default_scope: Optional[str] = None,
+              **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Build an instance.
+
+        Build an instance by calling :attr:`build_func`. If
+        :attr:`default_scope` is given, :meth:`build` will firstly get the
+        responding registry and then call its own :meth:`build`.
+
+        Args:
+            default_scope (str, optional): The ``default_scope`` is used to
+                reset the current registry. Defaults to None.
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> from mmengine import Registry
+            >>> MODELS = Registry('models')
+            >>> @MODELS.register_module()
+            >>> class ResNet:
+            >>>     def __init__(self, depth, stages=4):
+            >>>         self.depth = depth
+            >>>         self.stages = stages
+            >>> cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
+            >>> model = MODELS.build(cfg)
+        """
+        if default_scope is not None:
+            root = self._get_root_registry()
+            registry = root._search_child(default_scope)
+            if registry is None:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f'{default_scope} does not exist in the registry tree.')
+        else:
+            registry = self
+
+        return registry.build_func(*args, **kwargs, registry=registry)
+
+    def _add_child(self, registry: 'Registry') -> None:
+        """Add a child for a registry.
+
+        Args:
+            registry (:obj:`Registry`): The ``registry`` will be added as a
+                child of the ``self``.
+        """
+
+        assert isinstance(registry, Registry)
+        assert registry.scope is not None
+        assert registry.scope not in self.children, \
+            f'scope {registry.scope} exists in {self.name} registry'
+        self.children[registry.scope] = registry
+
+    def _register_module(self,
+                         module_class: Type,
+                         module_name: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+                         force: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Register a module.
+
+        Args:
+            module_class (type): Module class to be registered.
+            module_name (str or list of str, optional): The module name to be
+                registered. If not specified, the class name will be used.
+                Defaults to None.
+            force (bool): Whether to override an existing class with the same
+                name. Defaults to False.
+        """
+        if not inspect.isclass(module_class):
+            raise TypeError('module must be a class, '
+                            f'but got {type(module_class)}')
+
+        if module_name is None:
+            module_name = module_class.__name__
+        if isinstance(module_name, str):
+            module_name = [module_name]
+        for name in module_name:
+            if not force and name in self._module_dict:
+                raise KeyError(f'{name} is already registered '
+                               f'in {self.name}')
+            self._module_dict[name] = module_class
+
+    def register_module(
+            self,
+            name: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
+            force: bool = False,
+            module: Optional[Type] = None) -> Union[type, Callable]:
+        """Register a module.
+
+        A record will be added to ``self._module_dict``, whose key is the class
+        name or the specified name, and value is the class itself.
+        It can be used as a decorator or a normal function.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str or list of str, optional): The module name to be
+                registered. If not specified, the class name will be used.
+            force (bool): Whether to override an existing class with the same
+                name. Default to False.
+            module (type, optional): Module class to be registered. Defaults to
+                None.
+
+        Examples:
+            >>> backbones = Registry('backbone')
+            >>> # as a decorator
+            >>> @backbones.register_module()
+            >>> class ResNet:
+            >>>     pass
+            >>> backbones = Registry('backbone')
+            >>> @backbones.register_module(name='mnet')
+            >>> class MobileNet:
+            >>>     pass
+
+            >>> # as a normal function
+            >>> class ResNet:
+            >>>     pass
+            >>> backbones.register_module(module=ResNet)
+        """
+        if not isinstance(force, bool):
+            raise TypeError(f'force must be a boolean, but got {type(force)}')
+
+        # raise the error ahead of time
+        if not (name is None or isinstance(name, str) or is_seq_of(name, str)):
+            raise TypeError(
+                'name must be None, an instance of str, or a sequence of str, '
+                f'but got {type(name)}')
+
+        # use it as a normal method: x.register_module(module=SomeClass)
+        if module is not None:
+            self._register_module(
+                module_class=module, module_name=name, force=force)
+            return module
+
+        # use it as a decorator: @x.register_module()
+        def _register(cls):
+            self._register_module(
+                module_class=cls, module_name=name, force=force)
+            return cls
+
+        return _register

mmengine/registry/root.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
+"""MMEngine provides 11 root registries to support using modules across
+projects.
+
+More datails can be found at
+https://mmengine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/registry.html.
+"""
+
+from .registry import Registry
+
+# manage all kinds of runners like `EpochBasedRunner` and `IterBasedRunner`
+RUNNERS = Registry('runner')
+# manage runner constructors that define how to initialize runners
+RUNNER_CONSTRUCTORS = Registry('runner constructor')
+# manage all kinds of hooks like `CheckpointHook`
+HOOKS = Registry('hook')
+
+# manage data-related modules
+DATASETS = Registry('dataset')
+DATA_SAMPLERS = Registry('data sampler')
+TRANSFORMS = Registry('transform')
+
+# mangage all kinds of modules inheriting `nn.Module`
+MODELS = Registry('model')
+# mangage all kinds of weight initialization modules like `Uniform`
+WEIGHT_INITIALIZERS = Registry('weight initializer')
+
+# mangage all kinds of optimizers like `SGD` and `Adam`
+OPTIMIZERS = Registry('optimizer')
+# manage constructors that customize the optimization hyperparameters.
+OPTIMIZER_CONSTRUCTORS = Registry('optimizer constructor')
+
+# manage task-specific modules like anchor generators and box coders
+TASK_UTILS = Registry('task util')

mmengine/utils/misc.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from collections import abc
 from importlib import import_module
 from inspect import getfullargspec
 from itertools import repeat
+from typing import Sequence, Type
 
 
 # From PyTorch internals
@@ -125,16 +126,26 @@ def tuple_cast(inputs, dst_type):
     return iter_cast(inputs, dst_type, return_type=tuple)
 
 
-def is_seq_of(seq, expected_type, seq_type=None):
+def is_seq_of(seq: Sequence,
+              expected_type: Type,
+              seq_type: Type = None) -> bool:
     """Check whether it is a sequence of some type.
 
     Args:
         seq (Sequence): The sequence to be checked.
         expected_type (type): Expected type of sequence items.
-        seq_type (type, optional): Expected sequence type.
+        seq_type (type, optional): Expected sequence type. Defaults to None.
 
     Returns:
-        bool: Whether the sequence is valid.
+        bool: Return True if ``seq`` is valid else False.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> from mmengine.utils import is_seq_of
+        >>> seq = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        >>> is_seq_of(seq, str)
+        True
+        >>> is_seq_of(seq, int)
+        False
     """
     if seq_type is None:
         exp_seq_type = abc.Sequence

tests/test_registry/test_registry.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
 import pytest
 
-from mmengine import Config, ConfigDict, Registry, build_from_cfg
+from mmengine.config import Config, ConfigDict  # type: ignore
+from mmengine.registry import Registry, build_from_cfg
 
 
 class TestRegistry:
@@ -91,8 +92,8 @@ class TestRegistry:
         # `name` is an invalid type
         with pytest.raises(
                 TypeError,
-                match=('name must be either of None, an instance of str or a '
-                       "sequence of str, but got <class 'int'>")):
+                match=('name must be None, an instance of str, or a sequence '
+                       "of str, but got <class 'int'>")):
 
             @CATS.register_module(name=7474741)
             class SiameseCat:
@@ -149,8 +150,8 @@ class TestRegistry:
         assert len(CATS) == 8
 
     def _build_registry(self):
-        """A helper function to build a hierarchy registry."""
-        #        Hierarchy Registry
+        """A helper function to build a Hierarchical Registry."""
+        #        Hierarchical Registry
         #                           DOGS
         #                      _______|_______
         #                     |               |
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ class TestRegistry:
         return registries
 
     def test_get_root_registry(self):
-        #        Hierarchy Registry
+        #        Hierarchical Registry
         #                           DOGS
         #                      _______|_______
         #                     |               |
@@ -186,7 +187,8 @@ class TestRegistry:
         #          |               |               |
         #     LITTLE_HOUNDS    MID_HOUNDS   LITTLE_SAMOYEDS
         #     (little_hound)   (mid_hound)  (little_samoyed)
-        DOGS, HOUNDS, LITTLE_HOUNDS, MID_HOUNDS = self._build_registry()
+        registries = self._build_registry()
+        DOGS, HOUNDS, LITTLE_HOUNDS, MID_HOUNDS = registries[:4]
 
         assert DOGS._get_root_registry() is DOGS
         assert HOUNDS._get_root_registry() is DOGS
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ class TestRegistry:
         assert MID_HOUNDS._get_root_registry() is DOGS
 
     def test_get(self):
-        #        Hierarchy Registry
+        #        Hierarchical Registry
         #                           DOGS
         #                      _______|_______
         #                     |               |
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ class TestRegistry:
                           ) is LittlePedigreeSamoyed
 
     def test_search_child(self):
-        #        Hierarchy Registry
+        #        Hierarchical Registry
         #                           DOGS
         #                      _______|_______
         #                     |               |
@@ -286,7 +288,8 @@ class TestRegistry:
         #          |               |               |
         #     LITTLE_HOUNDS    MID_HOUNDS   LITTLE_SAMOYEDS
         #     (little_hound)   (mid_hound)  (little_samoyed)
-        DOGS, HOUNDS, LITTLE_HOUNDS, MID_HOUNDS = self._build_registry()
+        registries = self._build_registry()
+        DOGS, HOUNDS, LITTLE_HOUNDS = registries[:3]
 
         assert DOGS._search_child('hound') is HOUNDS
         assert DOGS._search_child('not a child') is None
@@ -294,8 +297,9 @@ class TestRegistry:
         assert LITTLE_HOUNDS._search_child('hound') is None
         assert LITTLE_HOUNDS._search_child('mid_hound') is None
 
-    def test_build(self):
-        #        Hierarchy Registry
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('cfg_type', [dict, ConfigDict, Config])
+    def test_build(self, cfg_type):
+        #        Hierarchical Registry
         #                           DOGS
         #                      _______|_______
         #                     |               |
@@ -311,14 +315,14 @@ class TestRegistry:
         class GoldenRetriever:
             pass
 
-        gr_cfg = dict(type='GoldenRetriever')
+        gr_cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='GoldenRetriever'))
         assert isinstance(DOGS.build(gr_cfg), GoldenRetriever)
 
         @HOUNDS.register_module()
         class BloodHound:
             pass
 
-        bh_cfg = dict(type='BloodHound')
+        bh_cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='BloodHound'))
         assert isinstance(HOUNDS.build(bh_cfg), BloodHound)
         assert isinstance(HOUNDS.build(gr_cfg), GoldenRetriever)
 
@@ -326,14 +330,14 @@ class TestRegistry:
         class Dachshund:
             pass
 
-        d_cfg = dict(type='Dachshund')
+        d_cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='Dachshund'))
         assert isinstance(LITTLE_HOUNDS.build(d_cfg), Dachshund)
 
         @MID_HOUNDS.register_module()
         class Beagle:
             pass
 
-        b_cfg = dict(type='Beagle')
+        b_cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='Beagle'))
         assert isinstance(MID_HOUNDS.build(b_cfg), Beagle)
 
         # test `default_scope`
@@ -367,7 +371,8 @@ class TestRegistry:
         assert repr(CATS) == repr_str
 
 
-def test_build_from_cfg():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('cfg_type', [dict, ConfigDict, Config])
+def test_build_from_cfg(cfg_type):
     BACKBONES = Registry('backbone')
 
     @BACKBONES.register_module()
@@ -387,24 +392,14 @@ def test_build_from_cfg():
     # test `cfg` parameter
     # `cfg` should be a dict, ConfigDict or Config object
     with pytest.raises(
-            TypeError, match="cfg must be a dict, but got <class 'str'>"):
+            TypeError,
+            match=('cfg should be a dict, ConfigDict or Config, but got '
+                   "<class 'str'>")):
         cfg = 'ResNet'
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
 
-    # `cfg` is a dict
-    cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
-    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
-    assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
-    assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
-
-    # `cfg` is a ConfigDict object
-    cfg = ConfigDict(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
-    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
-    assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
-    assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
-
-    # `cfg` is a Config object
-    cfg = Config(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
+    # `cfg` is a dict, ConfigDict or Config object
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
     model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
     assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
@@ -412,6 +407,7 @@ def test_build_from_cfg():
     # `cfg` is a dict but it does not contain the key "type"
     with pytest.raises(KeyError, match='must contain the key "type"'):
         cfg = dict(depth=50, stages=4)
+        cfg = cfg_type(cfg)
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
 
     # cfg['type'] should be a str or class
@@ -419,52 +415,56 @@ def test_build_from_cfg():
             TypeError,
             match="type must be a str or valid type, but got <class 'int'>"):
         cfg = dict(type=1000)
+        cfg = cfg_type(cfg)
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
 
-    cfg = dict(type='ResNeXt', depth=50, stages=3)
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNeXt', depth=50, stages=3))
     model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
     assert isinstance(model, ResNeXt)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 3
 
-    cfg = dict(type=ResNet, depth=50)
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(type=ResNet, depth=50))
     model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
     assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
 
     # non-registered class
     with pytest.raises(KeyError, match='VGG is not in the backbone registry'):
-        cfg = dict(type='VGG')
+        cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='VGG'))
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
 
     # `cfg` contains unexpected arguments
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        cfg = dict(type='ResNet', non_existing_arg=50)
+        cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet', non_existing_arg=50))
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES)
 
     # test `default_args` parameter
-    cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
-    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, default_args={'stages': 3})
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
+    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, cfg_type(dict(stages=3)))
     assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 3
 
     # default_args must be a dict or None
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
+        cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=1)
 
     # cfg or default_args should contain the key "type"
     with pytest.raises(KeyError, match='must contain the key "type"'):
-        cfg = dict(depth=50)
-        model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=dict(stages=4))
+        cfg = cfg_type(dict(depth=50))
+        model = build_from_cfg(
+            cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=cfg_type(dict(stages=4)))
 
     # "type" defined using default_args
-    cfg = dict(depth=50)
-    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=dict(type='ResNet'))
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(depth=50))
+    model = build_from_cfg(
+        cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet')))
     assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
 
-    cfg = dict(depth=50)
-    model = build_from_cfg(cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=dict(type=ResNet))
+    cfg = cfg_type(dict(depth=50))
+    model = build_from_cfg(
+        cfg, BACKBONES, default_args=cfg_type(dict(type=ResNet)))
     assert isinstance(model, ResNet)
     assert model.depth == 50 and model.stages == 4
 
@@ -474,5 +474,5 @@ def test_build_from_cfg():
             TypeError,
             match=('registry must be a mmengine.Registry object, but got '
                    "<class 'str'>")):
-        cfg = dict(type='ResNet', depth=50)
+        cfg = cfg_type(dict(type='ResNet', depth=50))
         model = build_from_cfg(cfg, 'BACKBONES')