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* [Fix]: Set qkv bias to False for cae and True for mae (#303) * [Fix]: Add mmcls transformer layer choice * [Fix]: Fix transformer encoder layer bug * [Fix]: Change UT of cae * [Feature]: Change the file name of cosine annealing hook (#304) * [Feature]: Change cosine annealing hook file name * [Feature]: Add UT for cosine annealing hook * [Fix]: Fix lint * read tutorials and fix typo (#308) * [Fix] fix config errors in MAE (#307) * update readthedocs algorithm readme (#310) * [Docs] Replace markdownlint with mdformat (#311) * Replace markdownlint with mdformat to avoid installing ruby * fix typo * add 'ba' to codespell ignore-words-list * Configure Myst-parser to parse anchor tag (#309) * [Docs] rewrite install.md (#317) * rewrite the install.md * add faq.md * fix lint * add FAQ to README * add Chinese version * fix typo * fix format * remove modification * fix format * [Docs] refine README.md file (#318) * refine README.md file * fix lint * format language button * rename getting_started.md * revise index.rst * add model_zoo.md to index.rst * fix lint * refine readme Co-authored-by: Jiahao Xie <52497952+Jiahao000@users.noreply.github.com> * [Enhance] update byol models and results (#319) * Update version information (#321) Co-authored-by: Yuan Liu <30762564+YuanLiuuuuuu@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Yi Lu <21515006@zju.edu.cn> Co-authored-by: RenQin <45731309+soonera@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Jiahao Xie <52497952+Jiahao000@users.noreply.github.com>
110 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
110 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# SimSiam
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> [Exploring Simple Siamese Representation Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.10566)
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<!-- [ALGORITHM] -->
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## Abstract
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Siamese networks have become a common structure in various recent models for unsupervised visual representation learning. These models maximize the similarity between two augmentations of one image, subject to certain conditions for avoiding collapsing solutions. In this paper, we report surprising empirical results that simple Siamese networks can learn meaningful representations even using none of the following: (i) negative sample pairs, (ii) large batches, (iii) momentum encoders. Our experiments show that collapsing solutions do exist for the loss and structure, but a stop-gradient operation plays an essential role in preventing collapsing. We provide a hypothesis on the implication of stop-gradient, and further show proof-of-concept experiments verifying it. Our “SimSiam” method achieves competitive results on ImageNet and downstream tasks. We hope this simple baseline will motivate people to rethink the roles of Siamese architectures for unsupervised representation learning.
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<div align="center">
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36138628/149724180-bc7bac6a-fcb8-421e-b8f1-9550c624d154.png" width="500" />
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</div>
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## Results and Models
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**Back to [model_zoo.md](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/docs/en/model_zoo.md) to download models.**
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In this page, we provide benchmarks as much as possible to evaluate our pre-trained models. If not mentioned, all models are pre-trained on ImageNet-1k dataset.
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### Classification
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The classification benchmarks includes 4 downstream task datasets, **VOC**, **ImageNet**, **iNaturalist2018** and **Places205**. If not specified, the results are Top-1 (%).
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#### VOC SVM / Low-shot SVM
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The **Best Layer** indicates that the best results are obtained from which layers feature map. For example, if the **Best Layer** is **feature3**, its best result is obtained from the second stage of ResNet (1 for stem layer, 2-5 for 4 stage layers).
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Besides, k=1 to 96 indicates the hyper-parameter of Low-shot SVM.
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| Self-Supervised Config | Best Layer | SVM | k=1 | k=2 | k=4 | k=8 | k=16 | k=32 | k=64 | k=96 |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | feature5 | 84.64 | 39.65 | 49.86 | 62.48 | 69.50 | 74.48 | 78.31 | 81.06 | 82.56 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | feature5 | 85.20 | 39.85 | 50.44 | 63.73 | 70.93 | 75.74 | 79.42 | 82.02 | 83.44 |
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#### ImageNet Linear Evaluation
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The **Feature1 - Feature5** don't have the GlobalAveragePooling, the feature map is pooled to the specific dimensions and then follows a Linear layer to do the classification. Please refer to [resnet50_mhead_linear-8xb32-steplr-90e_in1k](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/classification/imagenet/resnet50_mhead_linear-8xb32-steplr-90e_in1k.py) for details of config.
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The **AvgPool** result is obtained from Linear Evaluation with GlobalAveragePooling. Please refer to [resnet50_linear-8xb512-coslr-90e_in1k](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/classification/imagenet/resnet50_linear-8xb512-coslr-90e_in1k.py) for details of config.
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| Self-Supervised Config | Feature1 | Feature2 | Feature3 | Feature4 | Feature5 | AvgPool |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ------- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 16.27 | 33.77 | 45.80 | 60.83 | 68.21 | 68.28 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 15.57 | 37.21 | 47.28 | 62.21 | 69.85 | 69.84 |
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#### Places205 Linear Evaluation
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The **Feature1 - Feature5** don't have the GlobalAveragePooling, the feature map is pooled to the specific dimensions and then follows a Linear layer to do the classification. Please refer to [resnet50_mhead_8xb32-steplr-28e_places205.py](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/classification/places205/resnet50_mhead_8xb32-steplr-28e_places205.py) for details of config.
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| Self-Supervised Config | Feature1 | Feature2 | Feature3 | Feature4 | Feature5 |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 21.32 | 35.66 | 43.05 | 50.79 | 53.27 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 21.17 | 35.85 | 43.49 | 50.99 | 54.10 |
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#### ImageNet Nearest-Neighbor Classification
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The results are obtained from the features after GlobalAveragePooling. Here, k=10 to 200 indicates different number of nearest neighbors.
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| Self-Supervised Config | k=10 | k=20 | k=100 | k=200 |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---- | ---- | ----- | ----- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 57.4 | 57.6 | 55.8 | 54.2 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 60.2 | 60.4 | 58.8 | 57.4 |
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### Detection
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The detection benchmarks includes 2 downstream task datasets, **Pascal VOC 2007 + 2012** and **COCO2017**. This benchmark follows the evluation protocols set up by MoCo.
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#### Pascal VOC 2007 + 2012
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Please refer to [faster_rcnn_r50_c4_mstrain_24k_voc0712.py](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/mmdetection/voc0712/faster_rcnn_r50_c4_mstrain_24k_voc0712.py) for details of config.
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| Self-Supervised Config | AP50 |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 79.80 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 79.85 |
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#### COCO2017
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Please refer to [mask_rcnn_r50_fpn_mstrain_1x_coco.py](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/mmdetection/coco/mask_rcnn_r50_fpn_mstrain_1x_coco.py) for details of config.
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| Self-Supervised Config | mAP(Box) | AP50(Box) | AP75(Box) | mAP(Mask) | AP50(Mask) | AP75(Mask) |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | --------- | --------- | --------- | ---------- | ---------- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 38.6 | 57.6 | 42.3 | 34.6 | 54.8 | 36.9 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 38.8 | 58.0 | 42.3 | 34.9 | 55.3 | 37.6 |
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### Segmentation
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The segmentation benchmarks includes 2 downstream task datasets, **Cityscapes** and **Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug**. It follows the evluation protocols set up by MMSegmentation.
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#### Pascal VOC 2012 + Aug
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Please refer to [fcn_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/benchmarks/mmsegmentation/voc12aug/fcn_r50-d8_512x512_20k_voc12aug.py) for details of config.
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| Self-Supervised Config | mIOU |
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| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-100e_in1k.py) | 48.35 |
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| [resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e](https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmselfsup/blob/master/configs/selfsup/simsiam/simsiam_resnet50_8xb32-coslr-200e_in1k.py) | 46.27 |
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{chen2021exploring,
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title={Exploring simple siamese representation learning},
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author={Chen, Xinlei and He, Kaiming},
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booktitle={CVPR},
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year={2021}
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}
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```
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