from typing import Final, Optional, Type

import torch
from torch import nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F

from .config import use_fused_attn
from .pos_embed_sincos import apply_rot_embed_cat


class Attention(nn.Module):
    """Standard Multi-head Self Attention module with QKV projection.

    This module implements the standard multi-head attention mechanism used in transformers.
    It supports both the fused attention implementation (scaled_dot_product_attention) for
    efficiency when available, and a manual implementation otherwise. The module includes
    options for QK normalization, attention dropout, and projection dropout.
    """
    fused_attn: Final[bool]

    def __init__(
            self,
            dim: int,
            num_heads: int = 8,
            qkv_bias: bool = False,
            qk_norm: bool = False,
            proj_bias: bool = True,
            attn_drop: float = 0.,
            proj_drop: float = 0.,
            norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize the Attention module.

        Args:
            dim: Input dimension of the token embeddings
            num_heads: Number of attention heads
            qkv_bias: Whether to use bias in the query, key, value projections
            qk_norm: Whether to apply normalization to query and key vectors
            proj_bias: Whether to use bias in the output projection
            attn_drop: Dropout rate applied to the attention weights
            proj_drop: Dropout rate applied after the output projection
            norm_layer: Normalization layer constructor for QK normalization if enabled
        """
        super().__init__()
        assert dim % num_heads == 0, 'dim should be divisible by num_heads'
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.head_dim = dim // num_heads
        self.scale = self.head_dim ** -0.5
        self.fused_attn = use_fused_attn()

        self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.q_norm = norm_layer(self.head_dim) if qk_norm else nn.Identity()
        self.k_norm = norm_layer(self.head_dim) if qk_norm else nn.Identity()
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=proj_bias)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(
            self,
            x: torch.Tensor,
            attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        B, N, C = x.shape
        qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)
        q, k = self.q_norm(q), self.k_norm(k)

        if self.fused_attn:
            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                q, k, v,
                attn_mask=attn_mask,
                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
            )
        else:
            q = q * self.scale
            attn = q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)
            if attn_mask is not None:
                attn = attn + attn_mask
            attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
            attn = self.attn_drop(attn)
            x = attn @ v

        x = x.transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x


class AttentionRope(nn.Module):
    """ A Self Attention module with ROPE support.

    Includes options for:
     * QK normalization option
     * Attention output (scale) normalization
     * Fused or unfused QKV projection support
    """
    fused_attn: torch.jit.Final[bool]

    def __init__(
            self,
            dim: int,
            num_heads: int = 8,
            qkv_bias: bool = True,
            qkv_fused: bool = True,
            num_prefix_tokens: int = 1,
            attn_drop: float = 0.,
            proj_drop: float = 0.,
            attn_head_dim: Optional[int] = None,
            norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = None,
            qk_norm: bool = False,
            scale_norm: bool = False,
    ):
        """Initialize the Attention module.

        Args:
            dim: Input dimension of the token embeddings
            num_heads: Number of attention heads
            qkv_bias: Whether to add a bias term to the query, key, and value projections
            num_prefix_tokens: Number of reg/cls tokens at the beginning of the sequence that
                should not have position embeddings applied
            attn_drop: Dropout rate for attention weights
            proj_drop: Dropout rate for the output projection
            attn_head_dim: Dimension of each attention head (if None, computed as dim // num_heads)
            norm_layer: Normalization layer constructor to use for QK and scale normalization
            qk_norm: Enable normalization of query (Q) and key (K) vectors with norm_layer
            scale_norm: Enable normalization (scaling) of attention output with norm_layer
        """
        super().__init__()
        if scale_norm or qk_norm:
            assert norm_layer is not None, 'norm_layer must be provided if qk_norm or scale_norm is True'
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        head_dim = dim // num_heads
        if attn_head_dim is not None:
            head_dim = attn_head_dim
        attn_dim = head_dim * self.num_heads
        self.scale = head_dim ** -0.5
        self.num_prefix_tokens = num_prefix_tokens
        self.fused_attn = use_fused_attn()

        if qkv_fused:
            self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, attn_dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
            self.q_proj = self.k_proj = self.v_proj = None
        else:
            self.qkv = None
            self.q_proj = nn.Linear(dim, attn_dim, bias=qkv_bias)
            self.k_proj = nn.Linear(dim, attn_dim, bias=qkv_bias)
            self.v_proj = nn.Linear(dim, attn_dim, bias=qkv_bias)

        self.q_norm = norm_layer(self.head_dim) if qk_norm else nn.Identity()
        self.k_norm = norm_layer(self.head_dim) if qk_norm else nn.Identity()
        self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop)
        self.norm = norm_layer(attn_dim) if scale_norm else nn.Identity()
        self.proj = nn.Linear(attn_dim, dim)
        self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop)

    def forward(
            self,
            x,
            rope: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
            attn_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
    ):
        """Forward pass for the attention module.

        Args:
            x: Input tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, embedding_dim)
            rope: Rotary position embeddings tensor for position-aware attention
            attn_mask: Optional attention mask to apply during attention computation

        Returns:
            Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, embedding_dim)
        """
        B, N, C = x.shape

        if self.qkv is not None:
            qkv = self.qkv(x)
            qkv = qkv.reshape(B, N, 3, self.num_heads, -1).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
            q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)  # B, num_heads, N, head_dim
        else:
            q = self.q_proj(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, -1).transpose(1, 2)  # B, num_heads, N, C
            k = self.k_proj(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, -1).transpose(1, 2)
            v = self.v_proj(x).reshape(B, N, self.num_heads, -1).transpose(1, 2)

        q, k = self.q_norm(q), self.k_norm(k)

        if rope is not None:
            npt = self.num_prefix_tokens
            q = torch.cat([q[:, :, :npt, :], apply_rot_embed_cat(q[:, :, npt:, :], rope)], dim=2).type_as(v)
            k = torch.cat([k[:, :, :npt, :], apply_rot_embed_cat(k[:, :, npt:, :], rope)], dim=2).type_as(v)

        if self.fused_attn:
            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                q, k, v,
                attn_mask=attn_mask,
                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
            )
        else:
            q = q * self.scale
            attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1))

            if attn_mask is not None:
                attn_mask = attn_mask.to(torch.bool)
                attn = attn.masked_fill(~attn_mask[:, None, None, :], float("-inf"))
            attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)

            attn = self.attn_drop(attn)
            x = attn @ v

        x = x.transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N, C)
        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.proj(x)
        x = self.proj_drop(x)
        return x