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[flake8]
ignore = W503, E203, E221, C901, C408, E741, C407, B017, F811, C101, EXE001, EXE002
max-line-length = 100
max-complexity = 18
select = B,C,E,F,W,T4,B9
per-file-ignores =
**/__init__.py:F401,F403,E402

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.nfs*
# compilation and distribution
__pycache__
_ext
*.pyc
*.pyd
*.so
*.dll
*.egg-info/
build/
dist/
wheels/
# pytorch/python/numpy formats
*.pth
*.pkl
*.npy
*.ts
model_ts*.txt
# onnx models
*.onnx
# ipython/jupyter notebooks
**/.ipynb_checkpoints/
# Editor temporaries
*.swn
*.swo
*.swp
*~
# editor settings
.idea
.vscode
_darcs

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# Code of Conduct
## Our Pledge
In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
contributors and maintainers pledge to make participation in our project and
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## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
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* Using welcoming and inclusive language
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Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
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## Our Responsibilities
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## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
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Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
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## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
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For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq

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# Contributing to segment-anything
We want to make contributing to this project as easy and transparent as
possible.
## Pull Requests
We actively welcome your pull requests.
1. Fork the repo and create your branch from `main`.
2. If you've added code that should be tested, add tests.
3. If you've changed APIs, update the documentation.
4. Ensure the test suite passes.
5. Make sure your code lints, using the `linter.sh` script in the project's root directory. Linting requires `black==23.*`, `isort==5.12.0`, `flake8`, and `mypy`.
6. If you haven't already, complete the Contributor License Agreement ("CLA").
## Contributor License Agreement ("CLA")
In order to accept your pull request, we need you to submit a CLA. You only need
to do this once to work on any of Facebook's open source projects.
Complete your CLA here: <https://code.facebook.com/cla>
## Issues
We use GitHub issues to track public bugs. Please ensure your description is
clear and has sufficient instructions to be able to reproduce the issue.
Facebook has a [bounty program](https://www.facebook.com/whitehat/) for the safe
disclosure of security bugs. In those cases, please go through the process
outlined on that page and do not file a public issue.
## License
By contributing to segment-anything, you agree that your contributions will be licensed
under the LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

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# Segment Anything
**[Meta AI Research, FAIR](https://ai.facebook.com/research/)**
[Alexander Kirillov](https://alexander-kirillov.github.io/), [Eric Mintun](https://ericmintun.github.io/), [Nikhila Ravi](https://nikhilaravi.com/), [Hanzi Mao](https://hanzimao.me/), Chloe Rolland, Laura Gustafson, [Tete Xiao](https://tetexiao.com), [Spencer Whitehead](https://www.spencerwhitehead.com/), Alex Berg, Wan-Yen Lo, [Piotr Dollar](https://pdollar.github.io/), [Ross Girshick](https://www.rossgirshick.info/)
[[`Paper`](https://ai.facebook.com/research/publications/segment-anything/)] [[`Project`](https://segment-anything.com/)] [[`Demo`](https://segment-anything.com/demo)] [[`Dataset`](https://segment-anything.com/dataset/index.html)]
![SAM design](assets/model_diagram.png?raw=true)
The **Segment Anything Model (SAM)** produces high quality object masks from input prompts such as points or boxes, and it can be used to generate masks for all objects in an image. It has been trained on a [dataset](https://segment-anything.com/dataset/index.html) of 11 million images and 1.1 billion masks, and has strong zero-shot performance on a variety of segmentation tasks.
<p float="left">
<img src="assets/masks1.png?raw=true" width="37.25%" />
<img src="assets/masks2.jpg?raw=true" width="61.5%" />
</p>
## Installation
The code requires `python>=3.8`, as well as `pytorch>=1.7` and `torchvision>=0.8`. Please follow the instructions [here](https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/) to install both PyTorch and TorchVision dependencies. Installing both PyTorch and TorchVision with CUDA support is strongly recommended.
Install Segment Anything:
```
pip install git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything.git
```
or clone the repository locally and install with
```
git clone git@github.com:facebookresearch/segment-anything.git
cd segment-anything; pip install -e .
```
The following optional dependencies are necessary for mask post-processing, saving masks in COCO format, the example notebooks, and exporting the model in ONNX format. `jupyter` is also required to run the example notebooks.
```
pip install opencv-python pycocotools matplotlib onnxruntime onnx
```
## <a name="GettingStarted"></a>Getting Started
First download a [model checkpoint](#model-checkpoints). Then the model can be used in just a few lines to get masks from a given prompt:
```
from segment_anything import build_sam, SamPredictor
predictor = SamPredictor(build_sam(checkpoint="</path/to/model.pth>"))
predictor.set_image(<your_image>)
masks, _, _ = predictor.predict(<input_prompts>)
```
or generate masks for an entire image:
```
from segment_anything import build_sam, SamAutomaticMaskGenerator
mask_generator = SamAutomaticMaskGenerator(build_sam(checkpoint="</path/to/model.pth>"))
masks = mask_generator_generate(<your_image>)
```
Additionally, masks can be generated for images from the command line:
```
python scripts/amg.py --checkpoint <path/to/sam/checkpoint> --input <image_or_folder> --output <output_directory>
```
See the examples notebooks on [using SAM with prompts](/notebooks/predictor_example.ipynb) and [automatically generating masks](/notebooks/automatic_mask_generator_example.ipynb) for more details.
<p float="left">
<img src="assets/notebook1.png?raw=true" width="49.1%" />
<img src="assets/notebook2.png?raw=true" width="48.9%" />
</p>
## ONNX Export
SAM's lightweight mask decoder can be exported to ONNX format so that it can be run in any environment that supports ONNX runtime, such as in-browser as showcased in the [demo](https://segment-anything.com/demo). Export the model with
```
python scripts/export_onnx_model.py --checkpoint <path/to/checkpoint> --output <path/to/output>
```
See the [example notebook](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything/blob/main/notebooks/onnx_model_example.ipynb) for details on how to combine image preprocessing via SAM's backbone with mask prediction using the ONNX model. It is recommended to use the latest stable version of PyTorch for ONNX export.
## <a name="Models"></a>Model Checkpoints
Three model versions of the model are available with different backbone sizes. These models can be instantiated by running
```
from segment_anything import sam_model_registry
sam = sam_model_registry["<name>"](checkpoint="<path/to/checkpoint>")
```
Click the links below to download the checkpoint for the corresponding model name. The default model in bold can also be instantiated with `build_sam`, as in the examples in [Getting Started](#getting-started).
* **`default` or `vit_h`: [ViT-H SAM model.](https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/segment_anything/sam_vit_h_4b8939.pth)**
* `vit_l`: [ViT-L SAM model.](https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/segment_anything/sam_vit_l_0b3195.pth)
* `vit_b`: [ViT-B SAM model.](https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/segment_anything/sam_vit_b_01ec64.pth)
## License
The model is licensed under the [Apache 2.0 license](LICENSE).
## Contributing
See [contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md) and the [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
## Contributors
The Segment Anything project was made possible with the help of many contributors (alphabetical):
Aaron Adcock, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Morteza Behrooz, Cheng-Yang Fu, Ashley Gabriel, Ahuva Goldstand, Allen Goodman, Sumanth Gurram, Jiabo Hu, Somya Jain, Devansh Kukreja, Robert Kuo, Joshua Lane, Yanghao Li, Lilian Luong, Jitendra Malik, Mallika Malhotra, William Ngan, Omkar Parkhi, Nikhil Raina, Dirk Rowe, Neil Sejoor, Vanessa Stark, Bala Varadarajan, Bram Wasti, Zachary Winstrom

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#!/bin/bash -e
# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
{
black --version | grep -E "23\." > /dev/null
} || {
echo "Linter requires 'black==23.*' !"
exit 1
}
ISORT_VERSION=$(isort --version-number)
if [[ "$ISORT_VERSION" != 5.12* ]]; then
echo "Linter requires isort==5.12.0 !"
exit 1
fi
echo "Running isort ..."
isort . --atomic
echo "Running black ..."
black -l 100 .
echo "Running flake8 ..."
if [ -x "$(command -v flake8)" ]; then
flake8 .
else
python3 -m flake8 .
fi
echo "Running mypy..."
mypy --exclude 'setup.py|notebooks' .

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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "901c8ef3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1662bb7c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Produces masks from prompts using an ONNX model"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7fcc21a0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"SAM's prompt encoder and mask decoder are very lightweight, which allows for efficient computation of a mask given user input. This notebook shows an example of how to export and use this lightweight component of the model in ONNX format, allowing it to run on a variety of platforms that support an ONNX runtime."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "86daff77",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"\n",
"<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/facebookresearch/segment-anything/blob/main/notebooks/onnx_model_example.ipynb\">\n",
" <img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/>\n",
"</a>\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"from IPython.display import display, HTML\n",
"display(HTML(\n",
"\"\"\"\n",
"<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/facebookresearch/segment-anything/blob/main/notebooks/onnx_model_example.ipynb\">\n",
" <img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/>\n",
"</a>\n",
"\"\"\"\n",
"))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "55ae4e00",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Environment Set-up"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "109a5cc2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If running locally using jupyter, first install `segment_anything` in your environment using the [installation instructions](https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything#installation) in the repository. The latest stable versions of PyTorch and ONNX are recommended for this notebook. If running from Google collab, set `using_collab=True` below and run the cell."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "39b99fc4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"using_collab = False"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"id": "296a69be",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"if using_collab:\n",
" import torch\n",
" import torchvision\n",
" print(\"PyTorch version:\", torch.__version__)\n",
" print(\"Torchvision version:\", torchvision.__version__)\n",
" print(\"CUDA is available:\", torch.cuda.is_available())\n",
" import sys\n",
" !{sys.executable} -m pip install opencv-python matplotlib onnx onnxruntime\n",
" !{sys.executable} -m pip install 'git+https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything.git'\n",
" \n",
" !mkdir images\n",
" !wget -P images https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything/blob/main/notebooks/images/truck.jpg\n",
" \n",
" !wget https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/segment_anything/sam_vit_h_4b8939.pth"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dc4a58be",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Set-up"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "42396e8d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Note that this notebook requires both the `onnx` and `onnxruntime` optional dependencies, in addition to `opencv-python` and `matplotlib` for visualization."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "2c712610",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import torch\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"import cv2\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"from segment_anything import sam_model_registry, SamPredictor\n",
"from segment_anything.utils.onnx import SamOnnxModel\n",
"\n",
"import onnxruntime\n",
"from onnxruntime.quantization import QuantType\n",
"from onnxruntime.quantization.quantize import quantize_dynamic"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "f29441b9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def show_mask(mask, ax):\n",
" color = np.array([30/255, 144/255, 255/255, 0.6])\n",
" h, w = mask.shape[-2:]\n",
" mask_image = mask.reshape(h, w, 1) * color.reshape(1, 1, -1)\n",
" ax.imshow(mask_image)\n",
" \n",
"def show_points(coords, labels, ax, marker_size=375):\n",
" pos_points = coords[labels==1]\n",
" neg_points = coords[labels==0]\n",
" ax.scatter(pos_points[:, 0], pos_points[:, 1], color='green', marker='*', s=marker_size, edgecolor='white', linewidth=1.25)\n",
" ax.scatter(neg_points[:, 0], neg_points[:, 1], color='red', marker='*', s=marker_size, edgecolor='white', linewidth=1.25) \n",
" \n",
"def show_box(box, ax):\n",
" x0, y0 = box[0], box[1]\n",
" w, h = box[2] - box[0], box[3] - box[1]\n",
" ax.add_patch(plt.Rectangle((x0, y0), w, h, edgecolor='green', facecolor=(0,0,0,0), lw=2)) "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bd0f6b2b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Export an ONNX model"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1540f719",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Set the path below to a SAM model checkpoint, then load the model. This will be needed to both export the model and to calculate embeddings for the model."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "76fc53f4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"checkpoint = \"sam_vit_h_4b8939.pth\"\n",
"model_type = \"default\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "11bfc8aa",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sam = sam_model_registry[model_type](checkpoint=checkpoint)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "450c089c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The script `segment-anything/scripts/export_onnx_model.py` can be used to export the necessary portion of SAM. Alternatively, run the following code to export an ONNX model. If you have already exported a model, set the path below and skip to the next section. Assure that the exported ONNX model aligns with the checkpoint and model type set above. This notebook expects the model was exported with the parameter `return_single_mask=True`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "38a8add8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_model_path = None # Set to use an already exported model, then skip to the next section."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "7da638ba",
"metadata": {
"scrolled": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import warnings\n",
"\n",
"onnx_model_path = \"sam_onnx_example.onnx\"\n",
"\n",
"onnx_model = SamOnnxModel(sam, return_single_mask=True)\n",
"\n",
"dynamic_axes = {\n",
" \"point_coords\": {1: \"num_points\"},\n",
" \"point_labels\": {1: \"num_points\"},\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"embed_dim = sam.prompt_encoder.embed_dim\n",
"embed_size = sam.prompt_encoder.image_embedding_size\n",
"mask_input_size = [4 * x for x in embed_size]\n",
"dummy_inputs = {\n",
" \"image_embeddings\": torch.randn(1, embed_dim, *embed_size, dtype=torch.float),\n",
" \"point_coords\": torch.randint(low=0, high=1024, size=(1, 5, 2), dtype=torch.float),\n",
" \"point_labels\": torch.randint(low=0, high=4, size=(1, 5), dtype=torch.float),\n",
" \"mask_input\": torch.randn(1, 1, *mask_input_size, dtype=torch.float),\n",
" \"has_mask_input\": torch.tensor([1], dtype=torch.float),\n",
" \"orig_im_size\": torch.tensor([1500, 2250], dtype=torch.float),\n",
"}\n",
"output_names = [\"masks\", \"iou_predictions\", \"low_res_masks\"]\n",
"\n",
"with warnings.catch_warnings():\n",
" warnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\", category=torch.jit.TracerWarning)\n",
" warnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\", category=UserWarning)\n",
" with open(onnx_model_path, \"wb\") as f:\n",
" torch.onnx.export(\n",
" onnx_model,\n",
" tuple(dummy_inputs.values()),\n",
" f,\n",
" export_params=True,\n",
" verbose=False,\n",
" opset_version=17,\n",
" do_constant_folding=True,\n",
" input_names=list(dummy_inputs.keys()),\n",
" output_names=output_names,\n",
" dynamic_axes=dynamic_axes,\n",
" ) "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "c450cf1a",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"If desired, the model can additionally be quantized and optimized. We find this improves web runtime significantly for negligible change in qualitative performance. Run the next cell to quantize the model, or skip to the next section otherwise."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "235d39fe",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_model_quantized_path = \"sam_onnx_quantized_example.onnx\"\n",
"quantize_dynamic(\n",
" model_input=onnx_model_path,\n",
" model_output=onnx_model_quantized_path,\n",
" optimize_model=True,\n",
" per_channel=False,\n",
" reduce_range=False,\n",
" weight_type=QuantType.QUInt8,\n",
")\n",
"onnx_model_path = onnx_model_quantized_path"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "927a928b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Example Image"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "6be6eb55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"image = cv2.imread('images/truck.jpg')\n",
"image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b7e9a27a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))\n",
"plt.imshow(image)\n",
"plt.axis('on')\n",
"plt.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "027b177b",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Using an ONNX model"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "778d4593",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Here as an example, we use `onnxruntime` in python on CPU to execute the ONNX model. However, any platform that supports an ONNX runtime could be used in principle. Launch the runtime session below:"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "9689b1bf",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"ort_session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession(onnx_model_path)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7708ead6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"To use the ONNX model, the image must first be pre-processed using the SAM image encoder. This is a heavier weight process best performed on GPU. SamPredictor can be used as normal, then `.get_image_embedding()` will retreive the intermediate features."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "26e067b4",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sam.to(device='cuda')\n",
"predictor = SamPredictor(sam)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "7ad3f0d6",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"predictor.set_image(image)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "8a6f0f07",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"image_embedding = predictor.get_image_embedding().cpu().numpy()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "5e112f33",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"image_embedding.shape"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "6337b654",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The ONNX model has a different input signature than `SamPredictor.predict`. The following inputs must all be supplied. Note the special cases for both point and mask inputs. All inputs are `np.float32`.\n",
"* `image_embeddings`: The image embedding from `predictor.get_image_embedding()`. Has a batch index of length 1.\n",
"* `point_coords`: Coordinates of sparse input prompts, corresponding to both point inputs and box inputs. Boxes are encoded using two points, one for the top-left corner and one for the bottom-right corner. *Coordinates must already be transformed to long-side 1024.* Has a batch index of length 1.\n",
"* `point_labels`: Labels for the sparse input prompts. 0 is a negative input point, 1 is a positive input point, 2 is a top-left box corner, 3 is a bottom-right box corner, and -1 is a padding point. *If there is no box input, a single padding point with label -1 and coordinates (0.0, 0.0) should be concatenated.*\n",
"* `mask_input`: A mask input to the model with shape 1x1x256x256. This must be supplied even if there is no mask input. In this case, it can just be zeros.\n",
"* `has_mask_input`: An indicator for the mask input. 1 indicates a mask input, 0 indicates no mask input.\n",
"* `orig_im_size`: The size of the input image in (H,W) format, before any transformation. \n",
"\n",
"Additionally, the ONNX model does not threshold the output mask logits. To obtain a binary mask, threshold at `sam.mask_threshold` (equal to 0.0)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bf5a9f55",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Example point input"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1c0deef0",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"input_point = np.array([[500, 375]])\n",
"input_label = np.array([1])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "7256394c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Add a batch index, concatenate a padding point, and transform."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "4f69903e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_coord = np.concatenate([input_point, np.array([[0.0, 0.0]])], axis=0)[None, :, :]\n",
"onnx_label = np.concatenate([input_label, np.array([-1])], axis=0)[None, :].astype(np.float32)\n",
"\n",
"onnx_coord = predictor.transform.apply_coords(onnx_coord, image.shape[:2]).astype(np.float32)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b188dc53",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Create an empty mask input and an indicator for no mask."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "5cb52bcf",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_mask_input = np.zeros((1, 1, 256, 256), dtype=np.float32)\n",
"onnx_has_mask_input = np.zeros(1, dtype=np.float32)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "a99c2cc5",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Package the inputs to run in the onnx model"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b1d7ea11",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"ort_inputs = {\n",
" \"image_embeddings\": image_embedding,\n",
" \"point_coords\": onnx_coord,\n",
" \"point_labels\": onnx_label,\n",
" \"mask_input\": onnx_mask_input,\n",
" \"has_mask_input\": onnx_has_mask_input,\n",
" \"orig_im_size\": np.array(image.shape[:2], dtype=np.float32)\n",
"}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "4b6409c9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Predict a mask and threshold it."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "dc4cc082",
"metadata": {
"scrolled": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"masks, _, low_res_logits = ort_session.run(None, ort_inputs)\n",
"masks = masks > predictor.model.mask_threshold"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "d778a8fb",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"masks.shape"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "badb1175",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))\n",
"plt.imshow(image)\n",
"show_mask(masks, plt.gca())\n",
"show_points(input_point, input_label, plt.gca())\n",
"plt.axis('off')\n",
"plt.show() "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "1f1d4d15",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Example mask input"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b319da82",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"input_point = np.array([[500, 375], [1125, 625]])\n",
"input_label = np.array([1, 1])\n",
"\n",
"# Use the mask output from the previous run. It is already in the correct form for input to the ONNX model.\n",
"onnx_mask_input = low_res_logits"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b1823b37",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Transform the points as in the previous example."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "8885130f",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_coord = np.concatenate([input_point, np.array([[0.0, 0.0]])], axis=0)[None, :, :]\n",
"onnx_label = np.concatenate([input_label, np.array([-1])], axis=0)[None, :].astype(np.float32)\n",
"\n",
"onnx_coord = predictor.transform.apply_coords(onnx_coord, image.shape[:2]).astype(np.float32)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "28e47b69",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The `has_mask_input` indicator is now 1."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "3ab4483a",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_has_mask_input = np.ones(1, dtype=np.float32)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "d3781955",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Package inputs, then predict and threshold the mask."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "0c1ec096",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"ort_inputs = {\n",
" \"image_embeddings\": image_embedding,\n",
" \"point_coords\": onnx_coord,\n",
" \"point_labels\": onnx_label,\n",
" \"mask_input\": onnx_mask_input,\n",
" \"has_mask_input\": onnx_has_mask_input,\n",
" \"orig_im_size\": np.array(image.shape[:2], dtype=np.float32)\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"masks, _, _ = ort_session.run(None, ort_inputs)\n",
"masks = masks > predictor.model.mask_threshold"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "1e36554b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))\n",
"plt.imshow(image)\n",
"show_mask(masks, plt.gca())\n",
"show_points(input_point, input_label, plt.gca())\n",
"plt.axis('off')\n",
"plt.show() "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "2ef211d0",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Example box and point input"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "51e58d2e",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"input_box = np.array([425, 600, 700, 875])\n",
"input_point = np.array([[575, 750]])\n",
"input_label = np.array([0])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "6e119dcb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Add a batch index, concatenate a box and point inputs, add the appropriate labels for the box corners, and transform. There is no padding point since the input includes a box input."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "bfbe4911",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_box_coords = input_box.reshape(2, 2)\n",
"onnx_box_labels = np.array([2,3])\n",
"\n",
"onnx_coord = np.concatenate([input_point, onnx_box_coords], axis=0)[None, :, :]\n",
"onnx_label = np.concatenate([input_label, onnx_box_labels], axis=0)[None, :].astype(np.float32)\n",
"\n",
"onnx_coord = predictor.transform.apply_coords(onnx_coord, image.shape[:2]).astype(np.float32)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "65edabd2",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Package inputs, then predict and threshold the mask."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "2abfba56",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"onnx_mask_input = np.zeros((1, 1, 256, 256), dtype=np.float32)\n",
"onnx_has_mask_input = np.zeros(1, dtype=np.float32)\n",
"\n",
"ort_inputs = {\n",
" \"image_embeddings\": image_embedding,\n",
" \"point_coords\": onnx_coord,\n",
" \"point_labels\": onnx_label,\n",
" \"mask_input\": onnx_mask_input,\n",
" \"has_mask_input\": onnx_has_mask_input,\n",
" \"orig_im_size\": np.array(image.shape[:2], dtype=np.float32)\n",
"}\n",
"\n",
"masks, _, _ = ort_session.run(None, ort_inputs)\n",
"masks = masks > predictor.model.mask_threshold"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "8301bf33",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))\n",
"plt.imshow(image)\n",
"show_mask(masks[0], plt.gca())\n",
"show_box(input_box, plt.gca())\n",
"show_points(input_point, input_label, plt.gca())\n",
"plt.axis('off')\n",
"plt.show()"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.10.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
}

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import cv2 # type: ignore
from segment_anything import SamAutomaticMaskGenerator, sam_model_registry
import argparse
import json
import os
from typing import Any, Dict, List
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=(
"Runs automatic mask generation on an input image or directory of images, "
"and outputs masks as either PNGs or COCO-style RLEs. Requires open-cv, "
"as well as pycocotools if saving in RLE format."
)
)
parser.add_argument(
"--input",
type=str,
required=True,
help="Path to either a single input image or folder of images.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--output",
type=str,
required=True,
help=(
"Path to the directory where masks will be output. Output will be either a folder "
"of PNGs per image or a single json with COCO-style masks."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model-type",
type=str,
default="default",
help="The type of model to load, in ['default', 'vit_l', 'vit_b']",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--checkpoint",
type=str,
required=True,
help="The path to the SAM checkpoint to use for mask generation.",
)
parser.add_argument("--device", type=str, default="cuda", help="The device to run generation on.")
parser.add_argument(
"--convert-to-rle",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Save masks as COCO RLEs in a single json instead of as a folder of PNGs. "
"Requires pycocotools."
),
)
amg_settings = parser.add_argument_group("AMG Settings")
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--points-per-side",
type=int,
default=None,
help="Generate masks by sampling a grid over the image with this many points to a side.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--points-per-batch",
type=int,
default=None,
help="How many input points to process simultaneously in one batch.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--pred-iou-thresh",
type=float,
default=None,
help="Exclude masks with a predicted score from the model that is lower than this threshold.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--stability-score-thresh",
type=float,
default=None,
help="Exclude masks with a stability score lower than this threshold.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--stability-score-offset",
type=float,
default=None,
help="Larger values perturb the mask more when measuring stability score.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--box-nms-thresh",
type=float,
default=None,
help="The overlap threshold for excluding a duplicate mask.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--crop-n-layers",
type=int,
default=None,
help=(
"If >0, mask generation is run on smaller crops of the image to generate more masks. "
"The value sets how many different scales to crop at."
),
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--crop-nms-thresh",
type=float,
default=None,
help="The overlap threshold for excluding duplicate masks across different crops.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--crop-overlap-ratio",
type=int,
default=None,
help="Larger numbers mean image crops will overlap more.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--crop-n-points-downscale-factor",
type=int,
default=None,
help="The number of points-per-side in each layer of crop is reduced by this factor.",
)
amg_settings.add_argument(
"--min-mask-region-area",
type=int,
default=None,
help=(
"Disconnected mask regions or holes with area smaller than this value "
"in pixels are removed by postprocessing."
),
)
def write_masks_to_folder(masks: List[Dict[str, Any]], path: str) -> None:
header = "id,area,bbox_x0,bbox_y0,bbox_w,bbox_h,point_input_x,point_input_y,predicted_iou,stability_score,crop_box_x0,crop_box_y0,crop_box_w,crop_box_h" # noqa
metadata = [header]
for i, mask_data in enumerate(masks):
mask = mask_data["segmentation"]
filename = f"{i}.png"
cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(path, filename), mask * 255)
mask_metadata = [
str(i),
str(mask_data["area"]),
*[str(x) for x in mask_data["bbox"]],
*[str(x) for x in mask_data["point_coords"][0]],
str(mask_data["predicted_iou"]),
str(mask_data["stability_score"]),
*[str(x) for x in mask_data["crop_box"]],
]
row = ",".join(mask_metadata)
metadata.append(row)
metadata_path = os.path.join(path, "metadata.csv")
with open(metadata_path, "w") as f:
f.write("\n".join(metadata))
return
def get_amg_kwargs(args):
amg_kwargs = {
"points_per_side": args.points_per_side,
"points_per_batch": args.points_per_batch,
"pred_iou_thresh": args.pred_iou_thresh,
"stability_score_thresh": args.stability_score_thresh,
"stability_score_offset": args.stability_score_offset,
"box_nms_thresh": args.box_nms_thresh,
"crop_n_layers": args.crop_n_layers,
"crop_nms_thresh": args.crop_nms_thresh,
"crop_overlap_ratio": args.crop_overlap_ratio,
"crop_n_points_downscale_factor": args.crop_n_points_downscale_factor,
"min_mask_region_area": args.min_mask_region_area,
}
amg_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in amg_kwargs.items() if v is not None}
return amg_kwargs
def main(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
print("Loading model...")
sam = sam_model_registry[args.model_type](checkpoint=args.checkpoint)
_ = sam.to(device=args.device)
output_mode = "coco_rle" if args.convert_to_rle else "binary_mask"
amg_kwargs = get_amg_kwargs(args)
generator = SamAutomaticMaskGenerator(sam, output_mode=output_mode, **amg_kwargs)
if not os.path.isdir(args.input):
targets = [args.input]
else:
targets = [
f for f in os.listdir(args.input) if not os.path.isdir(os.path.join(args.input, f))
]
targets = [os.path.join(args.input, f) for f in targets]
os.makedirs(args.output, exist_ok=True)
for t in targets:
print(f"Processing '{t}'...")
image = cv2.imread(t)
if image is None:
print(f"Could not load '{t}' as an image, skipping...")
continue
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
masks = generator.generate(image)
base = os.path.basename(t)
base = os.path.splitext(base)[0]
save_base = os.path.join(args.output, base)
if output_mode == "binary_mask":
os.makedirs(save_base, exist_ok=False)
write_masks_to_folder(masks, save_base)
else:
save_file = save_base + ".json"
with open(save_file, "w") as f:
json.dump(masks, f)
print("Done!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
args = parser.parse_args()
main(args)

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
from segment_anything import build_sam, build_sam_vit_b, build_sam_vit_l
from segment_anything.utils.onnx import SamOnnxModel
import argparse
import warnings
try:
import onnxruntime # type: ignore
onnxruntime_exists = True
except ImportError:
onnxruntime_exists = False
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Export the SAM prompt encoder and mask decoder to an ONNX model."
)
parser.add_argument(
"--checkpoint", type=str, required=True, help="The path to the SAM model checkpoint."
)
parser.add_argument(
"--output", type=str, required=True, help="The filename to save the ONNX model to."
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model-type",
type=str,
default="default",
help="In ['default', 'vit_b', 'vit_l']. Which type of SAM model to export.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--return-single-mask",
action="store_true",
help=(
"If true, the exported ONNX model will only return the best mask, "
"instead of returning multiple masks. For high resolution images "
"this can improve runtime when upscaling masks is expensive."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--opset",
type=int,
default=17,
help="The ONNX opset version to use. Must be >=11",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--quantize-out",
type=str,
default=None,
help=(
"If set, will quantize the model and save it with this name. "
"Quantization is performed with quantize_dynamic from onnxruntime.quantization.quantize."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--gelu-approximate",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Replace GELU operations with approximations using tanh. Useful "
"for some runtimes that have slow or unimplemented erf ops, used in GELU."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--use-stability-score",
action="store_true",
help=(
"Replaces the model's predicted mask quality score with the stability "
"score calculated on the low resolution masks using an offset of 1.0. "
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--return-extra-metrics",
action="store_true",
help=(
"The model will return five results: (masks, scores, stability_scores, "
"areas, low_res_logits) instead of the usual three. This can be "
"significantly slower for high resolution outputs."
),
)
def run_export(
model_type: str,
checkpoint: str,
output: str,
opset: int,
return_single_mask: bool,
gelu_approximate: bool = False,
use_stability_score: bool = False,
return_extra_metrics=False,
):
print("Loading model...")
if model_type == "vit_b":
sam = build_sam_vit_b(checkpoint)
elif model_type == "vit_l":
sam = build_sam_vit_l(checkpoint)
else:
sam = build_sam(checkpoint)
onnx_model = SamOnnxModel(
model=sam,
return_single_mask=return_single_mask,
use_stability_score=use_stability_score,
return_extra_metrics=return_extra_metrics,
)
if gelu_approximate:
for n, m in onnx_model.named_modules():
if isinstance(m, torch.nn.GELU):
m.approximate = "tanh"
dynamic_axes = {
"point_coords": {1: "num_points"},
"point_labels": {1: "num_points"},
}
embed_dim = sam.prompt_encoder.embed_dim
embed_size = sam.prompt_encoder.image_embedding_size
mask_input_size = [4 * x for x in embed_size]
dummy_inputs = {
"image_embeddings": torch.randn(1, embed_dim, *embed_size, dtype=torch.float),
"point_coords": torch.randint(low=0, high=1024, size=(1, 5, 2), dtype=torch.float),
"point_labels": torch.randint(low=0, high=4, size=(1, 5), dtype=torch.float),
"mask_input": torch.randn(1, 1, *mask_input_size, dtype=torch.float),
"has_mask_input": torch.tensor([1], dtype=torch.float),
"orig_im_size": torch.tensor([1500, 2250], dtype=torch.float),
}
_ = onnx_model(**dummy_inputs)
output_names = ["masks", "iou_predictions", "low_res_masks"]
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=torch.jit.TracerWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=UserWarning)
with open(output, "wb") as f:
print(f"Exporing onnx model to {output}...")
torch.onnx.export(
onnx_model,
tuple(dummy_inputs.values()),
f,
export_params=True,
verbose=False,
opset_version=opset,
do_constant_folding=True,
input_names=list(dummy_inputs.keys()),
output_names=output_names,
dynamic_axes=dynamic_axes,
)
if onnxruntime_exists:
ort_inputs = {k: to_numpy(v) for k, v in dummy_inputs.items()}
ort_session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession(output)
_ = ort_session.run(None, ort_inputs)
print("Model has successfully been run with ONNXRuntime.")
def to_numpy(tensor):
return tensor.cpu().numpy()
if __name__ == "__main__":
args = parser.parse_args()
run_export(
model_type=args.model_type,
checkpoint=args.checkpoint,
output=args.output,
opset=args.opset,
return_single_mask=args.return_single_mask,
gelu_approximate=args.gelu_approximate,
use_stability_score=args.use_stability_score,
return_extra_metrics=args.return_extra_metrics,
)
if args.quantize_out is not None:
assert onnxruntime_exists, "onnxruntime is required to quantize the model."
from onnxruntime.quantization import QuantType # type: ignore
from onnxruntime.quantization.quantize import quantize_dynamic # type: ignore
print(f"Quantizing model and writing to {args.quantize_out}...")
quantize_dynamic(
model_input=args.output,
model_output=args.quantize_out,
optimize_model=True,
per_channel=False,
reduce_range=False,
weight_type=QuantType.QUInt8,
)
print("Done!")

15
segment_anything/__init__.py 100644
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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
from .build_sam import (
build_sam,
build_sam_vit_h,
build_sam_vit_l,
build_sam_vit_b,
sam_model_registry,
)
from .predictor import SamPredictor
from .automatic_mask_generator import SamAutomaticMaskGenerator

372
segment_anything/automatic_mask_generator.py 100644
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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import numpy as np
import torch
from torchvision.ops.boxes import batched_nms, box_area # type: ignore
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
from .modeling import Sam
from .predictor import SamPredictor
from .utils.amg import (
MaskData,
area_from_rle,
batch_iterator,
batched_mask_to_box,
box_xyxy_to_xywh,
build_all_layer_point_grids,
calculate_stability_score,
coco_encode_rle,
generate_crop_boxes,
is_box_near_crop_edge,
mask_to_rle_pytorch,
remove_small_regions,
rle_to_mask,
uncrop_boxes_xyxy,
uncrop_masks,
uncrop_points,
)
class SamAutomaticMaskGenerator:
def __init__(
self,
model: Sam,
points_per_side: Optional[int] = 32,
points_per_batch: int = 64,
pred_iou_thresh: float = 0.88,
stability_score_thresh: float = 0.95,
stability_score_offset: float = 1.0,
box_nms_thresh: float = 0.7,
crop_n_layers: int = 0,
crop_nms_thresh: float = 0.7,
crop_overlap_ratio: float = 512 / 1500,
crop_n_points_downscale_factor: int = 1,
point_grids: Optional[List[np.ndarray]] = None,
min_mask_region_area: int = 0,
output_mode: str = "binary_mask",
) -> None:
"""
Using a SAM model, generates masks for the entire image.
Generates a grid of point prompts over the image, then filters
low quality and duplicate masks. The default settings are chosen
for SAM with a ViT-H backbone.
Arguments:
model (Sam): The SAM model to use for mask prediction.
points_per_side (int or None): The number of points to be sampled
along one side of the image. The total number of points is
points_per_side**2. If None, 'point_grids' must provide explicit
point sampling.
points_per_batch (int): Sets the number of points run simultaneously
by the model. Higher numbers may be faster but use more GPU memory.
pred_iou_thresh (float): A filtering threshold in [0,1], using the
model's predicted mask quality.
stability_score_thresh (float): A filtering threshold in [0,1], using
the stability of the mask under changes to the cutoff used to binarize
the model's mask predictions.
stability_score_offset (float): The amount to shift the cutoff when
calculated the stability score.
box_nms_thresh (float): The box IoU cutoff used by non-maximal
suppression to filter duplicate masks.
crops_n_layers (int): If >0, mask prediction will be run again on
crops of the image. Sets the number of layers to run, where each
layer has 2**i_layer number of image crops.
crops_nms_thresh (float): The box IoU cutoff used by non-maximal
suppression to filter duplicate masks between different crops.
crop_overlap_ratio (float): Sets the degree to which crops overlap.
In the first crop layer, crops will overlap by this fraction of
the image length. Later layers with more crops scale down this overlap.
crop_n_points_downscale_factor (int): The number of points-per-side
sampled in layer n is scaled down by crop_n_points_downscale_factor**n.
point_grids (list(np.ndarray) or None): A list over explicit grids
of points used for sampling, normalized to [0,1]. The nth grid in the
list is used in the nth crop layer. Exclusive with points_per_side.
min_mask_region_area (int): If >0, postprocessing will be applied
to remove disconnected regions and holes in masks with area smaller
than min_mask_region_area. Requires opencv.
output_mode (str): The form masks are returned in. Can be 'binary_mask',
'uncompressed_rle', or 'coco_rle'. 'coco_rle' requires pycocotools.
For large resolutions, 'binary_mask' may consume large amounts of
memory.
"""
assert (points_per_side is None) != (
point_grids is None
), "Exactly one of points_per_side or point_grid must be provided."
if points_per_side is not None:
self.point_grids = build_all_layer_point_grids(
points_per_side,
crop_n_layers,
crop_n_points_downscale_factor,
)
elif point_grids is not None:
self.point_grids = point_grids
else:
raise ValueError("Can't have both points_per_side and point_grid be None.")
assert output_mode in [
"binary_mask",
"uncompressed_rle",
"coco_rle",
], f"Unknown output_mode {output_mode}."
if output_mode == "coco_rle":
from pycocotools import mask as mask_utils # type: ignore # noqa: F401
if min_mask_region_area > 0:
import cv2 # type: ignore # noqa: F401
self.predictor = SamPredictor(model)
self.points_per_batch = points_per_batch
self.pred_iou_thresh = pred_iou_thresh
self.stability_score_thresh = stability_score_thresh
self.stability_score_offset = stability_score_offset
self.box_nms_thresh = box_nms_thresh
self.crop_n_layers = crop_n_layers
self.crop_nms_thresh = crop_nms_thresh
self.crop_overlap_ratio = crop_overlap_ratio
self.crop_n_points_downscale_factor = crop_n_points_downscale_factor
self.min_mask_region_area = min_mask_region_area
self.output_mode = output_mode
@torch.no_grad()
def generate(self, image: np.ndarray) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""
Generates masks for the given image.
Arguments:
image (np.ndarray): The image to generate masks for, in HWC uint8 format.
Returns:
list(dict(str, any)): A list over records for masks. Each record is
a dict containing the following keys:
segmentation (dict(str, any) or np.ndarray): The mask. If
output_mode='binary_mask', is an array of shape HW. Otherwise,
is a dictionary containing the RLE.
bbox (list(float)): The box around the mask, in XYWH format.
area (int): The area in pixels of the mask.
predicted_iou (float): The model's own prediction of the mask's
quality. This is filtered by the pred_iou_thresh parameter.
point_coords (list(list(float))): The point coordinates input
to the model to generate this mask.
stability_score (float): A measure of the mask's quality. This
is filtered on using the stability_score_thresh parameter.
crop_box (list(float)): The crop of the image used to generate
the mask, given in XYWH format.
"""
# Generate masks
mask_data = self._generate_masks(image)
# Filter small disconnected regions and holes in masks
if self.min_mask_region_area > 0:
mask_data = self.postprocess_small_regions(
mask_data,
self.min_mask_region_area,
max(self.box_nms_thresh, self.crop_nms_thresh),
)
# Encode masks
if self.output_mode == "coco_rle":
mask_data["segmentations"] = [coco_encode_rle(rle) for rle in mask_data["rles"]]
elif self.output_mode == "binary_mask":
mask_data["segmentations"] = [rle_to_mask(rle) for rle in mask_data["rles"]]
else:
mask_data["segmentations"] = mask_data["rles"]
# Write mask records
curr_anns = []
for idx in range(len(mask_data["segmentations"])):
ann = {
"segmentation": mask_data["segmentations"][idx],
"area": area_from_rle(mask_data["rles"][idx]),
"bbox": box_xyxy_to_xywh(mask_data["boxes"][idx]).tolist(),
"predicted_iou": mask_data["iou_preds"][idx].item(),
"point_coords": [mask_data["points"][idx].tolist()],
"stability_score": mask_data["stability_score"][idx].item(),
"crop_box": box_xyxy_to_xywh(mask_data["crop_boxes"][idx]).tolist(),
}
curr_anns.append(ann)
return curr_anns
def _generate_masks(self, image: np.ndarray) -> MaskData:
orig_size = image.shape[:2]
crop_boxes, layer_idxs = generate_crop_boxes(
orig_size, self.crop_n_layers, self.crop_overlap_ratio
)
# Iterate over image crops
data = MaskData()
for crop_box, layer_idx in zip(crop_boxes, layer_idxs):
crop_data = self._process_crop(image, crop_box, layer_idx, orig_size)
data.cat(crop_data)
# Remove duplicate masks between crops
if len(crop_boxes) > 1:
# Prefer masks from smaller crops
scores = 1 / box_area(data["crop_boxes"])
scores = scores.to(data["boxes"].device)
keep_by_nms = batched_nms(
data["boxes"].float(),
scores,
torch.zeros(len(data["boxes"])), # categories
iou_threshold=self.crop_nms_thresh,
)
data.filter(keep_by_nms)
data.to_numpy()
return data
def _process_crop(
self,
image: np.ndarray,
crop_box: List[int],
crop_layer_idx: int,
orig_size: Tuple[int, ...],
) -> MaskData:
# Crop the image and calculate embeddings
x0, y0, x1, y1 = crop_box
cropped_im = image[y0:y1, x0:x1, :]
cropped_im_size = cropped_im.shape[:2]
self.predictor.set_image(cropped_im)
# Get points for this crop
points_scale = np.array(cropped_im_size)[None, ::-1]
points_for_image = self.point_grids[crop_layer_idx] * points_scale
# Generate masks for this crop in batches
data = MaskData()
for (points,) in batch_iterator(self.points_per_batch, points_for_image):
batch_data = self._process_batch(points, cropped_im_size, crop_box, orig_size)
data.cat(batch_data)
del batch_data
self.predictor.reset_image()
# Remove duplicates within this crop.
keep_by_nms = batched_nms(
data["boxes"].float(),
data["iou_preds"],
torch.zeros(len(data["boxes"])), # categories
iou_threshold=self.box_nms_thresh,
)
data.filter(keep_by_nms)
# Return to the original image frame
data["boxes"] = uncrop_boxes_xyxy(data["boxes"], crop_box)
data["points"] = uncrop_points(data["points"], crop_box)
data["crop_boxes"] = torch.tensor([crop_box for _ in range(len(data["rles"]))])
return data
def _process_batch(
self,
points: np.ndarray,
im_size: Tuple[int, ...],
crop_box: List[int],
orig_size: Tuple[int, ...],
) -> MaskData:
orig_h, orig_w = orig_size
# Run model on this batch
transformed_points = self.predictor.transform.apply_coords(points, im_size)
in_points = torch.as_tensor(transformed_points, device=self.predictor.device)
in_labels = torch.ones(in_points.shape[0], dtype=torch.int, device=in_points.device)
masks, iou_preds, _ = self.predictor.predict_torch(
in_points[:, None, :],
in_labels[:, None],
multimask_output=True,
return_logits=True,
)
# Serialize predictions and store in MaskData
data = MaskData(
masks=masks.flatten(0, 1),
iou_preds=iou_preds.flatten(0, 1),
points=torch.as_tensor(points.repeat(masks.shape[1], axis=0)),
)
del masks
# Filter by predicted IoU
if self.pred_iou_thresh > 0.0:
keep_mask = data["iou_preds"] > self.pred_iou_thresh
data.filter(keep_mask)
# Calculate stability score
data["stability_score"] = calculate_stability_score(
data["masks"], self.predictor.model.mask_threshold, self.stability_score_offset
)
if self.stability_score_thresh > 0.0:
keep_mask = data["stability_score"] >= self.stability_score_thresh
data.filter(keep_mask)
# Threshold masks and calculate boxes
data["masks"] = data["masks"] > self.predictor.model.mask_threshold
data["boxes"] = batched_mask_to_box(data["masks"])
# Filter boxes that touch crop boundaries
keep_mask = ~is_box_near_crop_edge(data["boxes"], crop_box, [0, 0, orig_w, orig_h])
if not torch.all(keep_mask):
data.filter(keep_mask)
# Compress to RLE
data["masks"] = uncrop_masks(data["masks"], crop_box, orig_h, orig_w)
data["rles"] = mask_to_rle_pytorch(data["masks"])
del data["masks"]
return data
@staticmethod
def postprocess_small_regions(
mask_data: MaskData, min_area: int, nms_thresh: float
) -> MaskData:
"""
Removes small disconnected regions and holes in masks, then reruns
box NMS to remove any new duplicates.
Edits mask_data in place.
Requires open-cv as a dependency.
"""
if len(mask_data["rles"]) == 0:
return mask_data
# Filter small disconnected regions and holes
new_masks = []
scores = []
for rle in mask_data["rles"]:
mask = rle_to_mask(rle)
mask, changed = remove_small_regions(mask, min_area, mode="holes")
unchanged = not changed
mask, changed = remove_small_regions(mask, min_area, mode="islands")
unchanged = unchanged and not changed
new_masks.append(torch.as_tensor(mask).unsqueeze(0))
# Give score=0 to changed masks and score=1 to unchanged masks
# so NMS will prefer ones that didn't need postprocessing
scores.append(float(unchanged))
# Recalculate boxes and remove any new duplicates
masks = torch.cat(new_masks, dim=0)
boxes = batched_mask_to_box(masks)
keep_by_nms = batched_nms(
boxes.float(),
torch.as_tensor(scores),
torch.zeros(len(boxes)), # categories
iou_threshold=nms_thresh,
)
# Only recalculate RLEs for masks that have changed
for i_mask in keep_by_nms:
if scores[i_mask] == 0.0:
mask_torch = masks[i_mask].unsqueeze(0)
mask_data["rles"][i_mask] = mask_to_rle_pytorch(mask_torch)[0]
mask_data["boxes"][i_mask] = boxes[i_mask] # update res directly
mask_data.filter(keep_by_nms)
return mask_data

107
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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
from functools import partial
from .modeling import ImageEncoderViT, MaskDecoder, PromptEncoder, Sam, TwoWayTransformer
def build_sam_vit_h(checkpoint=None):
return _build_sam(
encoder_embed_dim=1280,
encoder_depth=32,
encoder_num_heads=16,
encoder_global_attn_indexes=[7, 15, 23, 31],
checkpoint=checkpoint,
)
build_sam = build_sam_vit_h
def build_sam_vit_l(checkpoint=None):
return _build_sam(
encoder_embed_dim=1024,
encoder_depth=24,
encoder_num_heads=16,
encoder_global_attn_indexes=[5, 11, 17, 23],
checkpoint=checkpoint,
)
def build_sam_vit_b(checkpoint=None):
return _build_sam(
encoder_embed_dim=768,
encoder_depth=12,
encoder_num_heads=12,
encoder_global_attn_indexes=[2, 5, 8, 11],
checkpoint=checkpoint,
)
sam_model_registry = {
"default": build_sam,
"vit_h": build_sam,
"vit_l": build_sam_vit_l,
"vit_b": build_sam_vit_b,
}
def _build_sam(
encoder_embed_dim,
encoder_depth,
encoder_num_heads,
encoder_global_attn_indexes,
checkpoint=None,
):
prompt_embed_dim = 256
image_size = 1024
vit_patch_size = 16
image_embedding_size = image_size // vit_patch_size
sam = Sam(
image_encoder=ImageEncoderViT(
depth=encoder_depth,
embed_dim=encoder_embed_dim,
img_size=image_size,
mlp_ratio=4,
norm_layer=partial(torch.nn.LayerNorm, eps=1e-6),
num_heads=encoder_num_heads,
patch_size=vit_patch_size,
qkv_bias=True,
use_rel_pos=True,
global_attn_indexes=encoder_global_attn_indexes,
window_size=14,
out_chans=prompt_embed_dim,
),
prompt_encoder=PromptEncoder(
embed_dim=prompt_embed_dim,
image_embedding_size=(image_embedding_size, image_embedding_size),
input_image_size=(image_size, image_size),
mask_in_chans=16,
),
mask_decoder=MaskDecoder(
num_multimask_outputs=3,
transformer=TwoWayTransformer(
depth=2,
embedding_dim=prompt_embed_dim,
mlp_dim=2048,
num_heads=8,
),
transformer_dim=prompt_embed_dim,
iou_head_depth=3,
iou_head_hidden_dim=256,
),
pixel_mean=[123.675, 116.28, 103.53],
pixel_std=[58.395, 57.12, 57.375],
)
sam.eval()
if checkpoint is not None:
with open(checkpoint, "rb") as f:
state_dict = torch.load(f)
sam.load_state_dict(state_dict)
return sam

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
from .sam import Sam
from .image_encoder import ImageEncoderViT
from .mask_decoder import MaskDecoder
from .prompt_encoder import PromptEncoder
from .transformer import TwoWayTransformer

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from typing import Type
class MLPBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
embedding_dim: int,
mlp_dim: int,
act: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.lin1 = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, mlp_dim)
self.lin2 = nn.Linear(mlp_dim, embedding_dim)
self.act = act()
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
return self.lin2(self.act(self.lin1(x)))
# From https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/main/detectron2/layers/batch_norm.py # noqa
# Itself from https://github.com/facebookresearch/ConvNeXt/blob/d1fa8f6fef0a165b27399986cc2bdacc92777e40/models/convnext.py#L119 # noqa
class LayerNorm2d(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_channels: int, eps: float = 1e-6) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(num_channels))
self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_channels))
self.eps = eps
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
u = x.mean(1, keepdim=True)
s = (x - u).pow(2).mean(1, keepdim=True)
x = (x - u) / torch.sqrt(s + self.eps)
x = self.weight[:, None, None] * x + self.bias[:, None, None]
return x

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Type
from .common import LayerNorm2d, MLPBlock
# This class and its supporting functions below lightly adapted from the ViTDet backbone available at: https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/blob/main/detectron2/modeling/backbone/vit.py # noqa
class ImageEncoderViT(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
img_size: int = 1024,
patch_size: int = 16,
in_chans: int = 3,
embed_dim: int = 768,
depth: int = 12,
num_heads: int = 12,
mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
out_chans: int = 256,
qkv_bias: bool = True,
norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
use_abs_pos: bool = True,
use_rel_pos: bool = False,
rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
window_size: int = 0,
global_attn_indexes: Tuple[int, ...] = (),
) -> None:
"""
Args:
img_size (int): Input image size.
patch_size (int): Patch size.
in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
depth (int): Depth of ViT.
num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
use_abs_pos (bool): If True, use absolute positional embeddings.
use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks.
global_attn_indexes (list): Indexes for blocks using global attention.
"""
super().__init__()
self.img_size = img_size
self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
kernel_size=(patch_size, patch_size),
stride=(patch_size, patch_size),
in_chans=in_chans,
embed_dim=embed_dim,
)
self.pos_embed: Optional[nn.Parameter] = None
if use_abs_pos:
# Initialize absolute positional embedding with pretrain image size.
self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(
torch.zeros(1, img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size, embed_dim)
)
self.blocks = nn.ModuleList()
for i in range(depth):
block = Block(
dim=embed_dim,
num_heads=num_heads,
mlp_ratio=mlp_ratio,
qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
norm_layer=norm_layer,
act_layer=act_layer,
use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
window_size=window_size if i not in global_attn_indexes else 0,
input_size=(img_size // patch_size, img_size // patch_size),
)
self.blocks.append(block)
self.neck = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(
embed_dim,
out_chans,
kernel_size=1,
bias=False,
),
LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
nn.Conv2d(
out_chans,
out_chans,
kernel_size=3,
padding=1,
bias=False,
),
LayerNorm2d(out_chans),
)
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
x = self.patch_embed(x)
if self.pos_embed is not None:
x = x + self.pos_embed
for blk in self.blocks:
x = blk(x)
x = self.neck(x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2))
return x
class Block(nn.Module):
"""Transformer blocks with support of window attention and residual propagation blocks"""
def __init__(
self,
dim: int,
num_heads: int,
mlp_ratio: float = 4.0,
qkv_bias: bool = True,
norm_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.LayerNorm,
act_layer: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
use_rel_pos: bool = False,
rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
window_size: int = 0,
input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
dim (int): Number of input channels.
num_heads (int): Number of attention heads in each ViT block.
mlp_ratio (float): Ratio of mlp hidden dim to embedding dim.
qkv_bias (bool): If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
norm_layer (nn.Module): Normalization layer.
act_layer (nn.Module): Activation layer.
use_rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
window_size (int): Window size for window attention blocks. If it equals 0, then
use global attention.
input_size (int or None): Input resolution for calculating the relative positional
parameter size.
"""
super().__init__()
self.norm1 = norm_layer(dim)
self.attn = Attention(
dim,
num_heads=num_heads,
qkv_bias=qkv_bias,
use_rel_pos=use_rel_pos,
rel_pos_zero_init=rel_pos_zero_init,
input_size=input_size if window_size == 0 else (window_size, window_size),
)
self.norm2 = norm_layer(dim)
self.mlp = MLPBlock(embedding_dim=dim, mlp_dim=int(dim * mlp_ratio), act=act_layer)
self.window_size = window_size
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
shortcut = x
x = self.norm1(x)
# Window partition
if self.window_size > 0:
H, W = x.shape[1], x.shape[2]
x, pad_hw = window_partition(x, self.window_size)
x = self.attn(x)
# Reverse window partition
if self.window_size > 0:
x = window_unpartition(x, self.window_size, pad_hw, (H, W))
x = shortcut + x
x = x + self.mlp(self.norm2(x))
return x
class Attention(nn.Module):
"""Multi-head Attention block with relative position embeddings."""
def __init__(
self,
dim: int,
num_heads: int = 8,
qkv_bias: bool = True,
use_rel_pos: bool = False,
rel_pos_zero_init: bool = True,
input_size: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
dim (int): Number of input channels.
num_heads (int): Number of attention heads.
qkv_bias (bool: If True, add a learnable bias to query, key, value.
rel_pos (bool): If True, add relative positional embeddings to the attention map.
rel_pos_zero_init (bool): If True, zero initialize relative positional parameters.
input_size (int or None): Input resolution for calculating the relative positional
parameter size.
"""
super().__init__()
self.num_heads = num_heads
head_dim = dim // num_heads
self.scale = head_dim**-0.5
self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim)
self.use_rel_pos = use_rel_pos
if self.use_rel_pos:
assert (
input_size is not None
), "Input size must be provided if using relative positional encoding."
# initialize relative positional embeddings
self.rel_pos_h = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[0] - 1, head_dim))
self.rel_pos_w = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * input_size[1] - 1, head_dim))
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
B, H, W, _ = x.shape
# qkv with shape (3, B, nHead, H * W, C)
qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, H * W, 3, self.num_heads, -1).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
# q, k, v with shape (B * nHead, H * W, C)
q, k, v = qkv.reshape(3, B * self.num_heads, H * W, -1).unbind(0)
attn = (q * self.scale) @ k.transpose(-2, -1)
if self.use_rel_pos:
attn = add_decomposed_rel_pos(attn, q, self.rel_pos_h, self.rel_pos_w, (H, W), (H, W))
attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)
x = (attn @ v).view(B, self.num_heads, H, W, -1).permute(0, 2, 3, 1, 4).reshape(B, H, W, -1)
x = self.proj(x)
return x
def window_partition(x: torch.Tensor, window_size: int) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, Tuple[int, int]]:
"""
Partition into non-overlapping windows with padding if needed.
Args:
x (tensor): input tokens with [B, H, W, C].
window_size (int): window size.
Returns:
windows: windows after partition with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C].
(Hp, Wp): padded height and width before partition
"""
B, H, W, C = x.shape
pad_h = (window_size - H % window_size) % window_size
pad_w = (window_size - W % window_size) % window_size
if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
x = F.pad(x, (0, 0, 0, pad_w, 0, pad_h))
Hp, Wp = H + pad_h, W + pad_w
x = x.view(B, Hp // window_size, window_size, Wp // window_size, window_size, C)
windows = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(-1, window_size, window_size, C)
return windows, (Hp, Wp)
def window_unpartition(
windows: torch.Tensor, window_size: int, pad_hw: Tuple[int, int], hw: Tuple[int, int]
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Window unpartition into original sequences and removing padding.
Args:
x (tensor): input tokens with [B * num_windows, window_size, window_size, C].
window_size (int): window size.
pad_hw (Tuple): padded height and width (Hp, Wp).
hw (Tuple): original height and width (H, W) before padding.
Returns:
x: unpartitioned sequences with [B, H, W, C].
"""
Hp, Wp = pad_hw
H, W = hw
B = windows.shape[0] // (Hp * Wp // window_size // window_size)
x = windows.view(B, Hp // window_size, Wp // window_size, window_size, window_size, -1)
x = x.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().view(B, Hp, Wp, -1)
if Hp > H or Wp > W:
x = x[:, :H, :W, :].contiguous()
return x
def get_rel_pos(q_size: int, k_size: int, rel_pos: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Get relative positional embeddings according to the relative positions of
query and key sizes.
Args:
q_size (int): size of query q.
k_size (int): size of key k.
rel_pos (Tensor): relative position embeddings (L, C).
Returns:
Extracted positional embeddings according to relative positions.
"""
max_rel_dist = int(2 * max(q_size, k_size) - 1)
# Interpolate rel pos if needed.
if rel_pos.shape[0] != max_rel_dist:
# Interpolate rel pos.
rel_pos_resized = F.interpolate(
rel_pos.reshape(1, rel_pos.shape[0], -1).permute(0, 2, 1),
size=max_rel_dist,
mode="linear",
)
rel_pos_resized = rel_pos_resized.reshape(-1, max_rel_dist).permute(1, 0)
else:
rel_pos_resized = rel_pos
# Scale the coords with short length if shapes for q and k are different.
q_coords = torch.arange(q_size)[:, None] * max(k_size / q_size, 1.0)
k_coords = torch.arange(k_size)[None, :] * max(q_size / k_size, 1.0)
relative_coords = (q_coords - k_coords) + (k_size - 1) * max(q_size / k_size, 1.0)
return rel_pos_resized[relative_coords.long()]
def add_decomposed_rel_pos(
attn: torch.Tensor,
q: torch.Tensor,
rel_pos_h: torch.Tensor,
rel_pos_w: torch.Tensor,
q_size: Tuple[int, int],
k_size: Tuple[int, int],
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Calculate decomposed Relative Positional Embeddings from :paper:`mvitv2`.
https://github.com/facebookresearch/mvit/blob/19786631e330df9f3622e5402b4a419a263a2c80/mvit/models/attention.py # noqa B950
Args:
attn (Tensor): attention map.
q (Tensor): query q in the attention layer with shape (B, q_h * q_w, C).
rel_pos_h (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lh, C) for height axis.
rel_pos_w (Tensor): relative position embeddings (Lw, C) for width axis.
q_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of query q with (q_h, q_w).
k_size (Tuple): spatial sequence size of key k with (k_h, k_w).
Returns:
attn (Tensor): attention map with added relative positional embeddings.
"""
q_h, q_w = q_size
k_h, k_w = k_size
Rh = get_rel_pos(q_h, k_h, rel_pos_h)
Rw = get_rel_pos(q_w, k_w, rel_pos_w)
B, _, dim = q.shape
r_q = q.reshape(B, q_h, q_w, dim)
rel_h = torch.einsum("bhwc,hkc->bhwk", r_q, Rh)
rel_w = torch.einsum("bhwc,wkc->bhwk", r_q, Rw)
attn = (
attn.view(B, q_h, q_w, k_h, k_w) + rel_h[:, :, :, :, None] + rel_w[:, :, :, None, :]
).view(B, q_h * q_w, k_h * k_w)
return attn
class PatchEmbed(nn.Module):
"""
Image to Patch Embedding.
"""
def __init__(
self,
kernel_size: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
stride: Tuple[int, int] = (16, 16),
padding: Tuple[int, int] = (0, 0),
in_chans: int = 3,
embed_dim: int = 768,
) -> None:
"""
Args:
kernel_size (Tuple): kernel size of the projection layer.
stride (Tuple): stride of the projection layer.
padding (Tuple): padding size of the projection layer.
in_chans (int): Number of input image channels.
embed_dim (int): embed_dim (int): Patch embedding dimension.
"""
super().__init__()
self.proj = nn.Conv2d(
in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=kernel_size, stride=stride, padding=padding
)
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
x = self.proj(x)
# B C H W -> B H W C
x = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
return x

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from typing import List, Tuple, Type
from .common import LayerNorm2d
class MaskDecoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
*,
transformer_dim: int,
transformer: nn.Module,
num_multimask_outputs: int = 3,
activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
iou_head_depth: int = 3,
iou_head_hidden_dim: int = 256,
) -> None:
"""
Predicts masks given an image and prompt embeddings, using a
tranformer architecture.
Arguments:
transformer_dim (int): the channel dimension of the transformer
transformer (nn.Module): the transformer used to predict masks
num_multimask_outputs (int): the number of masks to predict
when disambiguating masks
activation (nn.Module): the type of activation to use when
upscaling masks
iou_head_depth (int): the depth of the MLP used to predict
mask quality
iou_head_hidden_dim (int): the hidden dimension of the MLP
used to predict mask quality
"""
super().__init__()
self.transformer_dim = transformer_dim
self.transformer = transformer
self.num_multimask_outputs = num_multimask_outputs
self.iou_token = nn.Embedding(1, transformer_dim)
self.num_mask_tokens = num_multimask_outputs + 1
self.mask_tokens = nn.Embedding(self.num_mask_tokens, transformer_dim)
self.output_upscaling = nn.Sequential(
nn.ConvTranspose2d(transformer_dim, transformer_dim // 4, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
LayerNorm2d(transformer_dim // 4),
activation(),
nn.ConvTranspose2d(transformer_dim // 4, transformer_dim // 8, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
activation(),
)
self.output_hypernetworks_mlps = nn.ModuleList(
[
MLP(transformer_dim, transformer_dim, transformer_dim // 8, 3)
for i in range(self.num_mask_tokens)
]
)
self.iou_prediction_head = MLP(
transformer_dim, iou_head_hidden_dim, self.num_mask_tokens, iou_head_depth
)
def forward(
self,
image_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
image_pe: torch.Tensor,
sparse_prompt_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
dense_prompt_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
multimask_output: bool,
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""
Predict masks given image and prompt embeddings.
Arguments:
image_embeddings (torch.Tensor): the embeddings from the image encoder
image_pe (torch.Tensor): positional encoding with the shape of image_embeddings
sparse_prompt_embeddings (torch.Tensor): the embeddings of the points and boxes
dense_prompt_embeddings (torch.Tensor): the embeddings of the mask inputs
multimask_output (bool): Whether to return multiple masks or a single
mask.
Returns:
torch.Tensor: batched predicted masks
torch.Tensor: batched predictions of mask quality
"""
masks, iou_pred = self.predict_masks(
image_embeddings=image_embeddings,
image_pe=image_pe,
sparse_prompt_embeddings=sparse_prompt_embeddings,
dense_prompt_embeddings=dense_prompt_embeddings,
)
# Select the correct mask or masks for outptu
if multimask_output:
mask_slice = slice(1, None)
else:
mask_slice = slice(0, 1)
masks = masks[:, mask_slice, :, :]
iou_pred = iou_pred[:, mask_slice]
# Prepare output
return masks, iou_pred
def predict_masks(
self,
image_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
image_pe: torch.Tensor,
sparse_prompt_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
dense_prompt_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""Predicts masks. See 'forward' for more details."""
# Concatenate output tokens
output_tokens = torch.cat([self.iou_token.weight, self.mask_tokens.weight], dim=0)
output_tokens = output_tokens.unsqueeze(0).expand(sparse_prompt_embeddings.size(0), -1, -1)
tokens = torch.cat((output_tokens, sparse_prompt_embeddings), dim=1)
# Expand per-image data in batch direction to be per-mask
src = torch.repeat_interleave(image_embeddings, tokens.shape[0], dim=0)
src = src + dense_prompt_embeddings
pos_src = torch.repeat_interleave(image_pe, tokens.shape[0], dim=0)
b, c, h, w = src.shape
# Run the transformer
hs, src = self.transformer(src, pos_src, tokens)
iou_token_out = hs[:, 0, :]
mask_tokens_out = hs[:, 1 : (1 + self.num_mask_tokens), :]
# Upscale mask embeddings and predict masks using the mask tokens
src = src.transpose(1, 2).view(b, c, h, w)
upscaled_embedding = self.output_upscaling(src)
hyper_in_list: List[torch.Tensor] = []
for i in range(self.num_mask_tokens):
hyper_in_list.append(self.output_hypernetworks_mlps[i](mask_tokens_out[:, i, :]))
hyper_in = torch.stack(hyper_in_list, dim=1)
b, c, h, w = upscaled_embedding.shape
masks = (hyper_in @ upscaled_embedding.view(b, c, h * w)).view(b, -1, h, w)
# Generate mask quality predictions
iou_pred = self.iou_prediction_head(iou_token_out)
return masks, iou_pred
# Lightly adapted from
# https://github.com/facebookresearch/MaskFormer/blob/main/mask_former/modeling/transformer/transformer_predictor.py # noqa
class MLP(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
input_dim: int,
hidden_dim: int,
output_dim: int,
num_layers: int,
sigmoid_output: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.num_layers = num_layers
h = [hidden_dim] * (num_layers - 1)
self.layers = nn.ModuleList(
nn.Linear(n, k) for n, k in zip([input_dim] + h, h + [output_dim])
)
self.sigmoid_output = sigmoid_output
def forward(self, x):
for i, layer in enumerate(self.layers):
x = F.relu(layer(x)) if i < self.num_layers - 1 else layer(x)
if self.sigmoid_output:
x = F.sigmoid(x)
return x

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple, Type
from .common import LayerNorm2d
class PromptEncoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
embed_dim: int,
image_embedding_size: Tuple[int, int],
input_image_size: Tuple[int, int],
mask_in_chans: int,
activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.GELU,
) -> None:
"""
Encodes prompts for input to SAM's mask decoder.
Arguments:
embed_dim (int): The prompts' embedding dimension
image_embedding_size (tuple(int, int)): The spatial size of the
image embedding, as (H, W).
input_image_size (int): The padded size of the image as input
to the image encoder, as (H, W).
mask_in_chans (int): The number of hidden channels used for
encoding input masks.
activation (nn.Module): The activation to use when encoding
input masks.
"""
super().__init__()
self.embed_dim = embed_dim
self.input_image_size = input_image_size
self.image_embedding_size = image_embedding_size
self.pe_layer = PositionEmbeddingRandom(embed_dim // 2)
self.num_point_embeddings: int = 4 # pos/neg point + 2 box corners
point_embeddings = [nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim) for i in range(self.num_point_embeddings)]
self.point_embeddings = nn.ModuleList(point_embeddings)
self.not_a_point_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)
self.mask_input_size = (4 * image_embedding_size[0], 4 * image_embedding_size[1])
self.mask_downscaling = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, mask_in_chans // 4, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans // 4),
activation(),
nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans // 4, mask_in_chans, kernel_size=2, stride=2),
LayerNorm2d(mask_in_chans),
activation(),
nn.Conv2d(mask_in_chans, embed_dim, kernel_size=1),
)
self.no_mask_embed = nn.Embedding(1, embed_dim)
def get_dense_pe(self) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Returns the positional encoding used to encode point prompts,
applied to a dense set of points the shape of the image encoding.
Returns:
torch.Tensor: Positional encoding with shape
1x(embed_dim)x(embedding_h)x(embedding_w)
"""
return self.pe_layer(self.image_embedding_size).unsqueeze(0)
def _embed_points(
self,
points: torch.Tensor,
labels: torch.Tensor,
pad: bool,
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Embeds point prompts."""
points = points + 0.5 # Shift to center of pixel
if pad:
padding_point = torch.zeros((points.shape[0], 1, 2), device=points.device)
padding_label = -torch.ones((labels.shape[0], 1), device=labels.device)
points = torch.cat([points, padding_point], dim=1)
labels = torch.cat([labels, padding_label], dim=1)
point_embedding = self.pe_layer.forward_with_coords(points, self.input_image_size)
point_embedding[labels == -1] = 0.0
point_embedding[labels == -1] += self.not_a_point_embed.weight
point_embedding[labels == 0] += self.point_embeddings[0].weight
point_embedding[labels == 1] += self.point_embeddings[1].weight
return point_embedding
def _embed_boxes(self, boxes: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Embeds box prompts."""
boxes = boxes + 0.5 # Shift to center of pixel
coords = boxes.reshape(-1, 2, 2)
corner_embedding = self.pe_layer.forward_with_coords(coords, self.input_image_size)
corner_embedding[:, 0, :] += self.point_embeddings[2].weight
corner_embedding[:, 1, :] += self.point_embeddings[3].weight
return corner_embedding
def _embed_masks(self, masks: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Embeds mask inputs."""
mask_embedding = self.mask_downscaling(masks)
return mask_embedding
def _get_batch_size(
self,
points: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]],
boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor],
masks: Optional[torch.Tensor],
) -> int:
"""
Gets the batch size of the output given the batch size of the input prompts.
"""
if points is not None:
return points[0].shape[0]
elif boxes is not None:
return boxes.shape[0]
elif masks is not None:
return masks.shape[0]
else:
return 1
def _get_device(self) -> torch.device:
return self.point_embeddings[0].weight.device
def forward(
self,
points: Optional[Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]],
boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor],
masks: Optional[torch.Tensor],
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""
Embeds different types of prompts, returning both sparse and dense
embeddings.
Arguments:
points (tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) or none): point coordinates
and labels to embed.
boxes (torch.Tensor or none): boxes to embed
masks (torch.Tensor or none): masks to embed
Returns:
torch.Tensor: sparse embeddings for the points and boxes, with shape
BxNx(embed_dim), where N is determined by the number of input points
and boxes.
torch.Tensor: dense embeddings for the masks, in the shape
Bx(embed_dim)x(embed_H)x(embed_W)
"""
bs = self._get_batch_size(points, boxes, masks)
sparse_embeddings = torch.empty((bs, 0, self.embed_dim), device=self._get_device())
if points is not None:
coords, labels = points
point_embeddings = self._embed_points(coords, labels, pad=(boxes is None))
sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, point_embeddings], dim=1)
if boxes is not None:
box_embeddings = self._embed_boxes(boxes)
sparse_embeddings = torch.cat([sparse_embeddings, box_embeddings], dim=1)
if masks is not None:
dense_embeddings = self._embed_masks(masks)
else:
dense_embeddings = self.no_mask_embed.weight.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1).expand(
bs, -1, self.image_embedding_size[0], self.image_embedding_size[1]
)
return sparse_embeddings, dense_embeddings
class PositionEmbeddingRandom(nn.Module):
"""
Positional encoding using random spatial frequencies.
"""
def __init__(self, num_pos_feats: int = 64, scale: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
super().__init__()
if scale is None or scale <= 0.0:
scale = 1.0
self.register_buffer(
"positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix",
scale * torch.randn((2, num_pos_feats)),
)
def _pe_encoding(self, coords: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Positionally encode points that are normalized to [0,1]."""
# assuming coords are in [0, 1]^2 square and have d_1 x ... x d_n x 2 shape
coords = 2 * coords - 1
coords = coords @ self.positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix
coords = 2 * np.pi * coords
# outputs d_1 x ... x d_n x C shape
return torch.cat([torch.sin(coords), torch.cos(coords)], dim=-1)
def forward(self, size: Tuple[int, int]) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Generate positional encoding for a grid of the specified size."""
h, w = size
device: Any = self.positional_encoding_gaussian_matrix.device
grid = torch.ones((h, w), device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
y_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=0) - 0.5
x_embed = grid.cumsum(dim=1) - 0.5
y_embed = y_embed / h
x_embed = x_embed / w
pe = self._pe_encoding(torch.stack([x_embed, y_embed], dim=-1))
return pe.permute(2, 0, 1) # C x H x W
def forward_with_coords(
self, coords_input: torch.Tensor, image_size: Tuple[int, int]
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Positionally encode points that are not normalized to [0,1]."""
coords = coords_input.clone()
coords[:, :, 0] = coords[:, :, 0] / image_size[1]
coords[:, :, 1] = coords[:, :, 1] / image_size[0]
return self._pe_encoding(coords.to(torch.float)) # B x N x C

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
from .image_encoder import ImageEncoderViT
from .mask_decoder import MaskDecoder
from .prompt_encoder import PromptEncoder
class Sam(nn.Module):
mask_threshold: float = 0.0
image_format: str = "RGB"
def __init__(
self,
image_encoder: ImageEncoderViT,
prompt_encoder: PromptEncoder,
mask_decoder: MaskDecoder,
pixel_mean: List[float] = [123.675, 116.28, 103.53],
pixel_std: List[float] = [58.395, 57.12, 57.375],
) -> None:
"""
SAM predicts object masks from an image and input prompts.
Arguments:
image_encoder (ImageEncoderViT): The backbone used to encode the
image into image embeddings that allow for efficient mask prediction.
prompt_encoder (PromptEncoder): Encodes various types of input prompts.
mask_decoder (MaskDecoder): Predicts masks from the image embeddings
and encoded prompts.
pixel_mean (list(float)): Mean values for normalizing pixels in the input image.
pixel_std (list(float)): Std values for normalizing pixels in the input image.
"""
super().__init__()
self.image_encoder = image_encoder
self.prompt_encoder = prompt_encoder
self.mask_decoder = mask_decoder
self.register_buffer("pixel_mean", torch.Tensor(pixel_mean).view(-1, 1, 1), False)
self.register_buffer("pixel_std", torch.Tensor(pixel_std).view(-1, 1, 1), False)
@property
def device(self) -> Any:
return self.pixel_mean.device
@torch.no_grad()
def forward(
self,
batched_input: List[Dict[str, Any]],
multimask_output: bool,
) -> List[Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
"""
Predicts masks end-to-end from provided images and prompts.
If prompts are not known in advance, using SamPredictor is
recommended over calling the model directly.
Arguments:
batched_input (list(dict)): A list over input images, each a
dictionary with the following keys. A prompt key can be
excluded if it is not present.
'image': The image as a torch tensor in 3xHxW format,
already transformed for input to the model.
'original_size': (tuple(int, int)) The original size of
the image before transformation, as (H, W).
'point_coords': (torch.Tensor) Batched point prompts for
this image, with shape BxNx2. Already transformed to the
input frame of the model.
'point_labels': (torch.Tensor) Batched labels for point prompts,
with shape BxN.
'boxes': (torch.Tensor) Batched box inputs, with shape Bx4.
Already transformed to the input frame of the model.
'mask_inputs': (torch.Tensor) Batched mask inputs to the model,
in the form Bx1xHxW.
multimask_output (bool): Whether the model should predict multiple
disambiguating masks, or return a single mask.
Returns:
(list(dict)): A list over input images, where each element is
as dictionary with the following keys.
'masks': (torch.Tensor) Batched binary mask predictions,
with shape BxCxHxW, where B is the number of input promts,
C is determiend by multimask_output, and (H, W) is the
original size of the image.
'iou_predictions': (torch.Tensor) The model's predictions
of mask quality, in shape BxC.
'low_res_logits': (torch.Tensor) Low resolution logits with
shape BxCxHxW, where H=W=256. Can be passed as mask input
to subsequent iterations of prediction.
"""
input_images = torch.stack([self.preprocess(x["image"]) for x in batched_input], dim=0)
image_embeddings = self.image_encoder(input_images)
outputs = []
for image_record, curr_embedding in zip(batched_input, image_embeddings):
if "point_coords" in image_record:
points = (image_record["point_coords"], image_record["point_labels"])
else:
points = None
sparse_embeddings, dense_embeddings = self.prompt_encoder(
points=points,
boxes=image_record.get("boxes", None),
masks=image_record.get("mask_inputs", None),
)
low_res_masks, iou_predictions = self.mask_decoder(
image_embeddings=curr_embedding.unsqueeze(0),
image_pe=self.prompt_encoder.get_dense_pe(),
sparse_prompt_embeddings=sparse_embeddings,
dense_prompt_embeddings=dense_embeddings,
multimask_output=multimask_output,
)
masks = self.postprocess_masks(
low_res_masks,
input_size=image_record["image"].shape[-2:],
original_size=image_record["original_size"],
)
masks = masks > self.mask_threshold
outputs.append(
{
"masks": masks,
"iou_predictions": iou_predictions,
"low_res_logits": low_res_masks,
}
)
return outputs
def postprocess_masks(
self,
masks: torch.Tensor,
input_size: Tuple[int, ...],
original_size: Tuple[int, ...],
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Remove padding and upscale masks to the original image size.
Arguments:
masks (torch.Tensor): Batched masks from the mask_decoder,
in BxCxHxW format.
input_size (tuple(int, int)): The size of the image input to the
model, in (H, W) format. Used to remove padding.
original_size (tuple(int, int)): The original size of the image
before resizing for input to the model, in (H, W) format.
Returns:
(torch.Tensor): Batched masks in BxCxHxW format, where (H, W)
is given by original_size.
"""
masks = F.interpolate(
masks,
(self.image_encoder.img_size, self.image_encoder.img_size),
mode="bilinear",
align_corners=False,
)
masks = masks[..., : input_size[0], : input_size[1]]
masks = F.interpolate(masks, original_size, mode="bilinear", align_corners=False)
return masks
def preprocess(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Normalize pixel values and pad to a square input."""
# Normalize colors
x = (x - self.pixel_mean) / self.pixel_std
# Pad
h, w = x.shape[-2:]
padh = self.image_encoder.img_size - h
padw = self.image_encoder.img_size - w
x = F.pad(x, (0, padw, 0, padh))
return x

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
from torch import Tensor, nn
import math
from typing import Tuple, Type
from .common import MLPBlock
class TwoWayTransformer(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
depth: int,
embedding_dim: int,
num_heads: int,
mlp_dim: int,
activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.ReLU,
attention_downsample_rate: int = 2,
) -> None:
"""
A transformer decoder that attends to an input image using
queries whose positional embedding is supplied.
Args:
depth (int): number of layers in the transformer
embedding_dim (int): the channel dimension for the input embeddings
num_heads (int): the number of heads for multihead attention. Must
divide embedding_dim
mlp_dim (int): the channel dimension internal to the MLP block
activation (nn.Module): the activation to use in the MLP block
"""
super().__init__()
self.depth = depth
self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
self.num_heads = num_heads
self.mlp_dim = mlp_dim
self.layers = nn.ModuleList()
for i in range(depth):
self.layers.append(
TwoWayAttentionBlock(
embedding_dim=embedding_dim,
num_heads=num_heads,
mlp_dim=mlp_dim,
activation=activation,
attention_downsample_rate=attention_downsample_rate,
skip_first_layer_pe=(i == 0),
)
)
self.final_attn_token_to_image = Attention(
embedding_dim, num_heads, downsample_rate=attention_downsample_rate
)
self.norm_final_attn = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
def forward(
self,
image_embedding: Tensor,
image_pe: Tensor,
point_embedding: Tensor,
) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]:
"""
Args:
image_embedding (torch.Tensor): image to attend to. Should be shape
B x embedding_dim x h x w for any h and w.
image_pe (torch.Tensor): the positional encoding to add to the image. Must
have the same shape as image_embedding.
point_embedding (torch.Tensor): the embedding to add to the query points.
Must have shape B x N_points x embedding_dim for any N_points.
Returns:
torch.Tensor: the processed point_embedding
torch.Tensor: the processed image_embedding
"""
# BxCxHxW -> BxHWxC == B x N_image_tokens x C
bs, c, h, w = image_embedding.shape
image_embedding = image_embedding.flatten(2).permute(0, 2, 1)
image_pe = image_pe.flatten(2).permute(0, 2, 1)
# Prepare queries
queries = point_embedding
keys = image_embedding
# Apply transformer blocks and final layernorm
for layer in self.layers:
queries, keys = layer(
queries=queries,
keys=keys,
query_pe=point_embedding,
key_pe=image_pe,
)
# Apply the final attenion layer from the points to the image
q = queries + point_embedding
k = keys + image_pe
attn_out = self.final_attn_token_to_image(q=q, k=k, v=keys)
queries = queries + attn_out
queries = self.norm_final_attn(queries)
return queries, keys
class TwoWayAttentionBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(
self,
embedding_dim: int,
num_heads: int,
mlp_dim: int = 2048,
activation: Type[nn.Module] = nn.ReLU,
attention_downsample_rate: int = 2,
skip_first_layer_pe: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""
A transformer block with four layers: (1) self-attention of sparse
inputs, (2) cross attention of sparse inputs to dense inputs, (3) mlp
block on sparse inputs, and (4) cross attention of dense inputs to sparse
inputs.
Arguments:
embedding_dim (int): the channel dimension of the embeddings
num_heads (int): the number of heads in the attention layers
mlp_dim (int): the hidden dimension of the mlp block
activation (nn.Module): the activation of the mlp block
skip_first_layer_pe (bool): skip the PE on the first layer
"""
super().__init__()
self.self_attn = Attention(embedding_dim, num_heads)
self.norm1 = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
self.cross_attn_token_to_image = Attention(
embedding_dim, num_heads, downsample_rate=attention_downsample_rate
)
self.norm2 = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
self.mlp = MLPBlock(embedding_dim, mlp_dim, activation)
self.norm3 = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
self.norm4 = nn.LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
self.cross_attn_image_to_token = Attention(
embedding_dim, num_heads, downsample_rate=attention_downsample_rate
)
self.skip_first_layer_pe = skip_first_layer_pe
def forward(
self, queries: Tensor, keys: Tensor, query_pe: Tensor, key_pe: Tensor
) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]:
# Self attention block
if self.skip_first_layer_pe:
queries = self.self_attn(q=queries, k=queries, v=queries)
else:
q = queries + query_pe
attn_out = self.self_attn(q=q, k=q, v=queries)
queries = queries + attn_out
queries = self.norm1(queries)
# Cross attention block, tokens attending to image embedding
q = queries + query_pe
k = keys + key_pe
attn_out = self.cross_attn_token_to_image(q=q, k=k, v=keys)
queries = queries + attn_out
queries = self.norm2(queries)
# MLP block
mlp_out = self.mlp(queries)
queries = queries + mlp_out
queries = self.norm3(queries)
# Cross attention block, image embedding attending to tokens
q = queries + query_pe
k = keys + key_pe
attn_out = self.cross_attn_image_to_token(q=k, k=q, v=queries)
keys = keys + attn_out
keys = self.norm4(keys)
return queries, keys
class Attention(nn.Module):
"""
An attention layer that allows for downscaling the size of the embedding
after projection to queries, keys, and values.
"""
def __init__(
self,
embedding_dim: int,
num_heads: int,
downsample_rate: int = 1,
) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
self.internal_dim = embedding_dim // downsample_rate
self.num_heads = num_heads
assert self.internal_dim % num_heads == 0, "num_heads must divide embedding_dim."
self.q_proj = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, self.internal_dim)
self.k_proj = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, self.internal_dim)
self.v_proj = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, self.internal_dim)
self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.internal_dim, embedding_dim)
def _separate_heads(self, x: Tensor, num_heads: int) -> Tensor:
b, n, c = x.shape
x = x.reshape(b, n, num_heads, c // num_heads)
return x.transpose(1, 2) # B x N_heads x N_tokens x C_per_head
def _recombine_heads(self, x: Tensor) -> Tensor:
b, n_heads, n_tokens, c_per_head = x.shape
x = x.transpose(1, 2)
return x.reshape(b, n_tokens, n_heads * c_per_head) # B x N_tokens x C
def forward(self, q: Tensor, k: Tensor, v: Tensor) -> Tensor:
# Input projections
q = self.q_proj(q)
k = self.k_proj(k)
v = self.v_proj(v)
# Separate into heads
q = self._separate_heads(q, self.num_heads)
k = self._separate_heads(k, self.num_heads)
v = self._separate_heads(v, self.num_heads)
# Attention
_, _, _, c_per_head = q.shape
attn = q @ k.permute(0, 1, 3, 2) # B x N_heads x N_tokens x N_tokens
attn = attn / math.sqrt(c_per_head)
attn = torch.softmax(attn, dim=-1)
# Get output
out = attn @ v
out = self._recombine_heads(out)
out = self.out_proj(out)
return out

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import numpy as np
import torch
from segment_anything.modeling import Sam
from typing import Optional, Tuple
from .utils.transforms import ResizeLongestSide
class SamPredictor:
def __init__(
self,
sam_model: Sam,
) -> None:
"""
Uses SAM to calculate the image embedding for an image, and then
allow repeated, efficient mask prediction given prompts.
Arguments:
sam_model (Sam): The model to use for mask prediction.
"""
super().__init__()
self.model = sam_model
self.transform = ResizeLongestSide(sam_model.image_encoder.img_size)
self.reset_image()
def set_image(
self,
image: np.ndarray,
image_format: str = "RGB",
) -> None:
"""
Calculates the image embeddings for the provided image, allowing
masks to be predicted with the 'predict' method.
Arguments:
image (np.ndarray): The image for calculating masks. Expects an
image in HWC uint8 format, with pixel values in [0, 255].
image_format (str): The color format of the image, in ['RGB', 'BGR'].
"""
assert image_format in [
"RGB",
"BGR",
], f"image_format must be in ['RGB', 'BGR'], is {image_format}."
if image_format != self.model.image_format:
image = image[..., ::-1]
# Transform the image to the form expected by the model
input_image = self.transform.apply_image(image)
input_image_torch = torch.as_tensor(input_image, device=self.device)
input_image_torch = input_image_torch.permute(2, 0, 1).contiguous()[None, :, :, :]
self.set_torch_image(input_image_torch, image.shape[:2])
@torch.no_grad()
def set_torch_image(
self,
transformed_image: torch.Tensor,
original_image_size: Tuple[int, ...],
) -> None:
"""
Calculates the image embeddings for the provided image, allowing
masks to be predicted with the 'predict' method. Expects the input
image to be already transformed to the format expected by the model.
Arguments:
transformed_image (torch.Tensor): The input image, with shape
1x3xHxW, which has been transformed with ResizeLongestSide.
original_image_size (tuple(int, int)): The size of the image
before transformation, in (H, W) format.
"""
assert (
len(transformed_image.shape) == 4
and transformed_image.shape[1] == 3
and max(*transformed_image.shape[2:]) == self.model.image_encoder.img_size
), f"set_torch_image input must be BCHW with long side {self.model.image_encoder.img_size}."
self.reset_image()
self.original_size = original_image_size
self.input_size = tuple(transformed_image.shape[-2:])
input_image = self.model.preprocess(transformed_image)
self.features = self.model.image_encoder(input_image)
self.is_image_set = True
def predict(
self,
point_coords: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
point_labels: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
box: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
mask_input: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
multimask_output: bool = True,
return_logits: bool = False,
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""
Predict masks for the given input prompts, using the currently set image.
Arguments:
point_coords (np.ndarray or None): A Nx2 array of point prompts to the
model. Each point is in (X,Y) in pixels.
point_labels (np.ndarray or None): A length N array of labels for the
point prompts. 1 indicates a foreground point and 0 indicates a
background point.
box (np.ndarray or None): A length 4 array given a box prompt to the
model, in XYXY format.
mask_input (np.ndarray): A low resolution mask input to the model, typically
coming from a previous prediction iteration. Has form 1xHxW, where
for SAM, H=W=256.
multimask_output (bool): If true, the model will return three masks.
For ambiguous input prompts (such as a single click), this will often
produce better masks than a single prediction. If only a single
mask is needed, the model's predicted quality score can be used
to select the best mask. For non-ambiguous prompts, such as multiple
input prompts, multimask_output=False can give better results.
return_logits (bool): If true, returns un-thresholded masks logits
instead of a binary mask.
Returns:
(np.ndarray): The output masks in CxHxW format, where C is the
number of masks, and (H, W) is the original image size.
(np.ndarray): An array of length C containing the model's
predictions for the quality of each mask.
(np.ndarray): An array of shape CxHxW, where C is the number
of masks and H=W=256. These low resolution logits can be passed to
a subsequent iteration as mask input.
"""
if not self.is_image_set:
raise RuntimeError("An image must be set with .set_image(...) before mask prediction.")
# Transform input prompts
coords_torch, labels_torch, box_torch, mask_input_torch = None, None, None, None
if point_coords is not None:
assert (
point_labels is not None
), "point_labels must be supplied if point_coords is supplied."
point_coords = self.transform.apply_coords(point_coords, self.original_size)
coords_torch = torch.as_tensor(point_coords, dtype=torch.float, device=self.device)
labels_torch = torch.as_tensor(point_labels, dtype=torch.int, device=self.device)
coords_torch, labels_torch = coords_torch[None, :, :], labels_torch[None, :]
if box is not None:
box = self.transform.apply_boxes(box, self.original_size)
box_torch = torch.as_tensor(box, dtype=torch.float, device=self.device)
box_torch = box_torch[None, :]
if mask_input is not None:
mask_input_torch = torch.as_tensor(mask_input, dtype=torch.float, device=self.device)
mask_input_torch = mask_input_torch[None, :, :, :]
masks, iou_predictions, low_res_masks = self.predict_torch(
coords_torch,
labels_torch,
box_torch,
mask_input_torch,
multimask_output,
return_logits=return_logits,
)
masks = masks[0].detach().cpu().numpy()
iou_predictions = iou_predictions[0].detach().cpu().numpy()
low_res_masks = low_res_masks[0].detach().cpu().numpy()
return masks, iou_predictions, low_res_masks
@torch.no_grad()
def predict_torch(
self,
point_coords: Optional[torch.Tensor],
point_labels: Optional[torch.Tensor],
boxes: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
mask_input: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
multimask_output: bool = True,
return_logits: bool = False,
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
"""
Predict masks for the given input prompts, using the currently set image.
Input prompts are batched torch tensors and are expected to already be
transformed to the input frame using ResizeLongestSide.
Arguments:
point_coords (torch.Tensor or None): A BxNx2 array of point prompts to the
model. Each point is in (X,Y) in pixels.
point_labels (torch.Tensor or None): A BxN array of labels for the
point prompts. 1 indicates a foreground point and 0 indicates a
background point.
box (np.ndarray or None): A Bx4 array given a box prompt to the
model, in XYXY format.
mask_input (np.ndarray): A low resolution mask input to the model, typically
coming from a previous prediction iteration. Has form Bx1xHxW, where
for SAM, H=W=256. Masks returned by a previous iteration of the
predict method do not need further transformation.
multimask_output (bool): If true, the model will return three masks.
For ambiguous input prompts (such as a single click), this will often
produce better masks than a single prediction. If only a single
mask is needed, the model's predicted quality score can be used
to select the best mask. For non-ambiguous prompts, such as multiple
input prompts, multimask_output=False can give better results.
return_logits (bool): If true, returns un-thresholded masks logits
instead of a binary mask.
Returns:
(torch.Tensor): The output masks in BxCxHxW format, where C is the
number of masks, and (H, W) is the original image size.
(torch.Tensor): An array of shape BxC containing the model's
predictions for the quality of each mask.
(torch.Tensor): An array of shape BxCxHxW, where C is the number
of masks and H=W=256. These low res logits can be passed to
a subsequent iteration as mask input.
"""
if not self.is_image_set:
raise RuntimeError("An image must be set with .set_image(...) before mask prediction.")
if point_coords is not None:
points = (point_coords, point_labels)
else:
points = None
# Embed prompts
sparse_embeddings, dense_embeddings = self.model.prompt_encoder(
points=points,
boxes=boxes,
masks=mask_input,
)
# Predict masks
low_res_masks, iou_predictions = self.model.mask_decoder(
image_embeddings=self.features,
image_pe=self.model.prompt_encoder.get_dense_pe(),
sparse_prompt_embeddings=sparse_embeddings,
dense_prompt_embeddings=dense_embeddings,
multimask_output=multimask_output,
)
# Upscale the masks to the original image resolution
masks = self.model.postprocess_masks(low_res_masks, self.input_size, self.original_size)
if not return_logits:
masks = masks > self.model.mask_threshold
return masks, iou_predictions, low_res_masks
def get_image_embedding(self) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Returns the image embeddings for the currently set image, with
shape 1xCxHxW, where C is the embedding dimension and (H,W) are
the embedding spatial dimension of SAM (typically C=256, H=W=64).
"""
if not self.is_image_set:
raise RuntimeError(
"An image must be set with .set_image(...) to generate an embedding."
)
assert self.features is not None, "Features must exist if an image has been set."
return self.features
@property
def device(self) -> torch.device:
return self.model.device
def reset_image(self) -> None:
"""Resets the currently set image."""
self.is_image_set = False
self.features = None
self.orig_h = None
self.orig_w = None
self.input_h = None
self.input_w = None

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import numpy as np
import torch
import math
from copy import deepcopy
from itertools import product
from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, ItemsView, List, Tuple
class MaskData:
"""
A structure for storing masks and their related data in batched format.
Implements basic filtering and concatenation.
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
for v in kwargs.values():
assert isinstance(
v, (list, np.ndarray, torch.Tensor)
), "MaskData only supports list, numpy arrays, and torch tensors."
self._stats = dict(**kwargs)
def __setitem__(self, key: str, item: Any) -> None:
assert isinstance(
item, (list, np.ndarray, torch.Tensor)
), "MaskData only supports list, numpy arrays, and torch tensors."
self._stats[key] = item
def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
del self._stats[key]
def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
return self._stats[key]
def items(self) -> ItemsView[str, Any]:
return self._stats.items()
def filter(self, keep: torch.Tensor) -> None:
for k, v in self._stats.items():
if v is None:
self._stats[k] = None
elif isinstance(v, torch.Tensor):
self._stats[k] = v[torch.as_tensor(keep, device=v.device)]
elif isinstance(v, np.ndarray):
self._stats[k] = v[keep.detach().cpu().numpy()]
elif isinstance(v, list) and keep.dtype == torch.bool:
self._stats[k] = [a for i, a in enumerate(v) if keep[i]]
elif isinstance(v, list):
self._stats[k] = [v[i] for i in keep]
else:
raise TypeError(f"MaskData key {k} has an unsupported type {type(v)}.")
def cat(self, new_stats: "MaskData") -> None:
for k, v in new_stats.items():
if k not in self._stats or self._stats[k] is None:
self._stats[k] = deepcopy(v)
elif isinstance(v, torch.Tensor):
self._stats[k] = torch.cat([self._stats[k], v], dim=0)
elif isinstance(v, np.ndarray):
self._stats[k] = np.concatenate([self._stats[k], v], axis=0)
elif isinstance(v, list):
self._stats[k] = self._stats[k] + deepcopy(v)
else:
raise TypeError(f"MaskData key {k} has an unsupported type {type(v)}.")
def to_numpy(self) -> None:
for k, v in self._stats.items():
if isinstance(v, torch.Tensor):
self._stats[k] = v.detach().cpu().numpy()
def is_box_near_crop_edge(
boxes: torch.Tensor, crop_box: List[int], orig_box: List[int], atol: float = 20.0
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""Filter masks at the edge of a crop, but not at the edge of the original image."""
crop_box_torch = torch.as_tensor(crop_box, dtype=torch.float, device=boxes.device)
orig_box_torch = torch.as_tensor(orig_box, dtype=torch.float, device=boxes.device)
boxes = uncrop_boxes_xyxy(boxes, crop_box).float()
near_crop_edge = torch.isclose(boxes, crop_box_torch[None, :], atol=atol, rtol=0)
near_image_edge = torch.isclose(boxes, orig_box_torch[None, :], atol=atol, rtol=0)
near_crop_edge = torch.logical_and(near_crop_edge, ~near_image_edge)
return torch.any(near_crop_edge, dim=1)
def box_xyxy_to_xywh(box_xyxy: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
box_xywh = deepcopy(box_xyxy)
box_xywh[2] = box_xywh[2] - box_xywh[0]
box_xywh[3] = box_xywh[3] - box_xywh[1]
return box_xywh
def batch_iterator(batch_size: int, *args) -> Generator[List[Any], None, None]:
assert len(args) > 0 and all(
len(a) == len(args[0]) for a in args
), "Batched iteration must have inputs of all the same size."
n_batches = len(args[0]) // batch_size + int(len(args[0]) % batch_size != 0)
for b in range(n_batches):
yield [arg[b * batch_size : (b + 1) * batch_size] for arg in args]
def mask_to_rle_pytorch(tensor: torch.Tensor) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""
Encodes masks to an uncompressed RLE, in the format expected by
pycoco tools.
"""
# Put in fortran order and flatten h,w
b, h, w = tensor.shape
tensor = tensor.permute(0, 2, 1).flatten(1)
# Compute change indices
diff = tensor[:, 1:] ^ tensor[:, :-1]
change_indices = diff.nonzero()
# Encode run length
out = []
for i in range(b):
cur_idxs = change_indices[change_indices[:, 0] == i, 1]
cur_idxs = torch.cat(
[
torch.tensor([0], dtype=cur_idxs.dtype, device=cur_idxs.device),
cur_idxs + 1,
torch.tensor([h * w], dtype=cur_idxs.dtype, device=cur_idxs.device),
]
)
btw_idxs = cur_idxs[1:] - cur_idxs[:-1]
counts = [] if tensor[i, 0] == 0 else [0]
counts.extend(btw_idxs.detach().cpu().tolist())
out.append({"size": [h, w], "counts": counts})
return out
def rle_to_mask(rle: Dict[str, Any]) -> np.ndarray:
"""Compute a binary mask from an uncompressed RLE."""
h, w = rle["size"]
mask = np.empty(h * w, dtype=bool)
idx = 0
parity = False
for count in rle["counts"]:
mask[idx : idx + count] = parity
idx += count
parity ^= True
mask = mask.reshape(w, h)
return mask.transpose() # Put in C order
def area_from_rle(rle: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
return sum(rle["counts"][1::2])
def calculate_stability_score(
masks: torch.Tensor, mask_threshold: float, threshold_offset: float
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Computes the stability score for a batch of masks. The stability
score is the IoU between the binary masks obtained by thresholding
the predicted mask logits at high and low values.
"""
# One mask is always contained inside the other.
# Save memory by preventing unnecesary cast to torch.int64
intersections = (
(masks > (mask_threshold + threshold_offset))
.sum(-1, dtype=torch.int16)
.sum(-1, dtype=torch.int32)
)
unions = (
(masks > (mask_threshold - threshold_offset))
.sum(-1, dtype=torch.int16)
.sum(-1, dtype=torch.int32)
)
return intersections / unions
def build_point_grid(n_per_side: int) -> np.ndarray:
"""Generates a 2D grid of points evenly spaced in [0,1]x[0,1]."""
offset = 1 / (2 * n_per_side)
points_one_side = np.linspace(offset, 1 - offset, n_per_side)
points_x = np.tile(points_one_side[None, :], (n_per_side, 1))
points_y = np.tile(points_one_side[:, None], (1, n_per_side))
points = np.stack([points_x, points_y], axis=-1).reshape(-1, 2)
return points
def build_all_layer_point_grids(
n_per_side: int, n_layers: int, scale_per_layer: int
) -> List[np.ndarray]:
"""Generates point grids for all crop layers."""
points_by_layer = []
for i in range(n_layers + 1):
n_points = int(n_per_side / (scale_per_layer**i))
points_by_layer.append(build_point_grid(n_points))
return points_by_layer
def generate_crop_boxes(
im_size: Tuple[int, ...], n_layers: int, overlap_ratio: float
) -> Tuple[List[List[int]], List[int]]:
"""
Generates a list of crop boxes of different sizes. Each layer
has (2**i)**2 boxes for the ith layer.
"""
crop_boxes, layer_idxs = [], []
im_h, im_w = im_size
short_side = min(im_h, im_w)
# Original image
crop_boxes.append([0, 0, im_w, im_h])
layer_idxs.append(0)
def crop_len(orig_len, n_crops, overlap):
return int(math.ceil((overlap * (n_crops - 1) + orig_len) / n_crops))
for i_layer in range(n_layers):
n_crops_per_side = 2 ** (i_layer + 1)
overlap = int(overlap_ratio * short_side * (2 / n_crops_per_side))
crop_w = crop_len(im_w, n_crops_per_side, overlap)
crop_h = crop_len(im_h, n_crops_per_side, overlap)
crop_box_x0 = [int((crop_w - overlap) * i) for i in range(n_crops_per_side)]
crop_box_y0 = [int((crop_h - overlap) * i) for i in range(n_crops_per_side)]
# Crops in XYWH format
for x0, y0 in product(crop_box_x0, crop_box_y0):
box = [x0, y0, min(x0 + crop_w, im_w), min(y0 + crop_h, im_h)]
crop_boxes.append(box)
layer_idxs.append(i_layer + 1)
return crop_boxes, layer_idxs
def uncrop_boxes_xyxy(boxes: torch.Tensor, crop_box: List[int]) -> torch.Tensor:
x0, y0, _, _ = crop_box
offset = torch.tensor([[x0, y0, x0, y0]], device=boxes.device)
# Check if boxes has a channel dimension
if len(boxes.shape) == 3:
offset = offset.unsqueeze(1)
return boxes + offset
def uncrop_points(points: torch.Tensor, crop_box: List[int]) -> torch.Tensor:
x0, y0, _, _ = crop_box
offset = torch.tensor([[x0, y0]], device=points.device)
# Check if points has a channel dimension
if len(points.shape) == 3:
offset = offset.unsqueeze(1)
return points + offset
def uncrop_masks(
masks: torch.Tensor, crop_box: List[int], orig_h: int, orig_w: int
) -> torch.Tensor:
x0, y0, x1, y1 = crop_box
if x0 == 0 and y0 == 0 and x1 == orig_w and y1 == orig_h:
return masks
# Coordinate transform masks
pad_x, pad_y = orig_w - (x1 - x0), orig_h - (y1 - y0)
pad = (x0, pad_x - x0, y0, pad_y - y0)
return torch.nn.functional.pad(masks, pad, value=0)
def remove_small_regions(
mask: np.ndarray, area_thresh: float, mode: str
) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, bool]:
"""
Removes small disconnected regions and holes in a mask. Returns the
mask and an indicator of if the mask has been modified.
"""
import cv2 # type: ignore
assert mode in ["holes", "islands"]
correct_holes = mode == "holes"
working_mask = (correct_holes ^ mask).astype(np.uint8)
n_labels, regions, stats, _ = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(working_mask, 8)
sizes = stats[:, -1][1:] # Row 0 is background label
small_regions = [i + 1 for i, s in enumerate(sizes) if s < area_thresh]
if len(small_regions) == 0:
return mask, False
fill_labels = [0] + small_regions
if not correct_holes:
fill_labels = [i for i in range(n_labels) if i not in fill_labels]
# If every region is below threshold, keep largest
if len(fill_labels) == 0:
fill_labels = [int(np.argmax(sizes)) + 1]
mask = np.isin(regions, fill_labels)
return mask, True
def coco_encode_rle(uncompressed_rle: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
from pycocotools import mask as mask_utils # type: ignore
h, w = uncompressed_rle["size"]
rle = mask_utils.frPyObjects(uncompressed_rle, h, w)
rle["counts"] = rle["counts"].decode("utf-8") # Necessary to serialize with json
return rle
def batched_mask_to_box(masks: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Calculates boxes in XYXY format around masks. Return [0,0,0,0] for
an empty mask. For input shape C1xC2x...xHxW, the output shape is C1xC2x...x4.
"""
# torch.max below raises an error on empty inputs, just skip in this case
if torch.numel(masks) == 0:
return torch.zeros(*masks.shape[:-2], 4, device=masks.device)
# Normalize shape to CxHxW
shape = masks.shape
h, w = shape[-2:]
if len(shape) > 2:
masks = masks.flatten(0, -3)
else:
masks = masks.unsqueeze(0)
# Get top and bottom edges
in_height, _ = torch.max(masks, dim=-1)
in_height_coords = in_height * torch.arange(h, device=in_height.device)[None, :]
bottom_edges, _ = torch.max(in_height_coords, dim=-1)
in_height_coords = in_height_coords + h * (~in_height)
top_edges, _ = torch.min(in_height_coords, dim=-1)
# Get left and right edges
in_width, _ = torch.max(masks, dim=-2)
in_width_coords = in_width * torch.arange(w, device=in_width.device)[None, :]
right_edges, _ = torch.max(in_width_coords, dim=-1)
in_width_coords = in_width_coords + w * (~in_width)
left_edges, _ = torch.min(in_width_coords, dim=-1)
# If the mask is empty the right edge will be to the left of the left edge.
# Replace these boxes with [0, 0, 0, 0]
empty_filter = (right_edges < left_edges) | (bottom_edges < top_edges)
out = torch.stack([left_edges, top_edges, right_edges, bottom_edges], dim=-1)
out = out * (~empty_filter).unsqueeze(-1)
# Return to original shape
if len(shape) > 2:
out = out.reshape(*shape[:-2], 4)
else:
out = out[0]
return out

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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from typing import Tuple
from ..modeling import Sam
from .amg import calculate_stability_score
class SamOnnxModel(nn.Module):
"""
This model should not be called directly, but is used in ONNX export.
It combines the prompt encoder, mask decoder, and mask postprocessing of Sam,
with some functions modified to enable model tracing. Also supports extra
options controlling what information. See the ONNX export script for details.
"""
def __init__(
self,
model: Sam,
return_single_mask: bool,
use_stability_score: bool = False,
return_extra_metrics: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.mask_decoder = model.mask_decoder
self.model = model
self.img_size = model.image_encoder.img_size
self.return_single_mask = return_single_mask
self.use_stability_score = use_stability_score
self.stability_score_offset = 1.0
self.return_extra_metrics = return_extra_metrics
@staticmethod
def resize_longest_image_size(
input_image_size: torch.Tensor, longest_side: int
) -> torch.Tensor:
input_image_size = input_image_size.to(torch.float32)
scale = longest_side / torch.max(input_image_size)
transformed_size = scale * input_image_size
transformed_size = torch.floor(transformed_size + 0.5).to(torch.int64)
return transformed_size
def _embed_points(self, point_coords: torch.Tensor, point_labels: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
point_coords = point_coords + 0.5
point_coords = point_coords / self.img_size
point_embedding = self.model.prompt_encoder.pe_layer._pe_encoding(point_coords)
point_labels = point_labels.unsqueeze(-1).expand_as(point_embedding)
point_embedding = point_embedding * (point_labels != -1)
point_embedding = point_embedding + self.model.prompt_encoder.not_a_point_embed.weight * (
point_labels == -1
)
for i in range(self.model.prompt_encoder.num_point_embeddings):
point_embedding = point_embedding + self.model.prompt_encoder.point_embeddings[
i
].weight * (point_labels == i)
return point_embedding
def _embed_masks(self, input_mask: torch.Tensor, has_mask_input: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
mask_embedding = has_mask_input * self.model.prompt_encoder.mask_downscaling(input_mask)
mask_embedding = mask_embedding + (
1 - has_mask_input
) * self.model.prompt_encoder.no_mask_embed.weight.reshape(1, -1, 1, 1)
return mask_embedding
def mask_postprocessing(self, masks: torch.Tensor, orig_im_size: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
masks = F.interpolate(
masks,
size=(self.img_size, self.img_size),
mode="bilinear",
align_corners=False,
)
prepadded_size = self.resize_longest_image_size(orig_im_size, self.img_size)
masks = masks[..., : int(prepadded_size[0]), : int(prepadded_size[1])]
orig_im_size = orig_im_size.to(torch.int64)
h, w = orig_im_size[0], orig_im_size[1]
masks = F.interpolate(masks, size=(h, w), mode="bilinear", align_corners=False)
return masks
def select_masks(
self, masks: torch.Tensor, iou_preds: torch.Tensor, num_points: int
) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
# Determine if we should return the multiclick mask or not from the number of points.
# The reweighting is used to avoid control flow.
score_reweight = torch.tensor(
[[1000] + [0] * (self.model.mask_decoder.num_mask_tokens - 1)]
).to(iou_preds.device)
score = iou_preds + (num_points - 2.5) * score_reweight
best_idx = torch.argmax(score, dim=1)
masks = masks[torch.arange(masks.shape[0]), best_idx, :, :].unsqueeze(1)
iou_preds = iou_preds[torch.arange(masks.shape[0]), best_idx].unsqueeze(1)
return masks, iou_preds
@torch.no_grad()
def forward(
self,
image_embeddings: torch.Tensor,
point_coords: torch.Tensor,
point_labels: torch.Tensor,
mask_input: torch.Tensor,
has_mask_input: torch.Tensor,
orig_im_size: torch.Tensor,
):
sparse_embedding = self._embed_points(point_coords, point_labels)
dense_embedding = self._embed_masks(mask_input, has_mask_input)
masks, scores = self.model.mask_decoder.predict_masks(
image_embeddings=image_embeddings,
image_pe=self.model.prompt_encoder.get_dense_pe(),
sparse_prompt_embeddings=sparse_embedding,
dense_prompt_embeddings=dense_embedding,
)
if self.use_stability_score:
scores = calculate_stability_score(
masks, self.model.mask_threshold, self.stability_score_offset
)
if self.return_single_mask:
masks, scores = self.select_masks(masks, scores, point_coords.shape[1])
upscaled_masks = self.mask_postprocessing(masks, orig_im_size)
if self.return_extra_metrics:
stability_scores = calculate_stability_score(
upscaled_masks, self.model.mask_threshold, self.stability_score_offset
)
areas = (upscaled_masks > self.model.mask_threshold).sum(-1).sum(-1)
return upscaled_masks, scores, stability_scores, areas, masks
return upscaled_masks, scores, masks

102
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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.nn import functional as F
from torchvision.transforms.functional import resize, to_pil_image # type: ignore
from copy import deepcopy
from typing import Tuple
class ResizeLongestSide:
"""
Resizes images to longest side 'target_length', as well as provides
methods for resizing coordinates and boxes. Provides methods for
transforming both numpy array and batched torch tensors.
"""
def __init__(self, target_length: int) -> None:
self.target_length = target_length
def apply_image(self, image: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Expects a numpy array with shape HxWxC in uint8 format.
"""
target_size = self.get_preprocess_shape(image.shape[0], image.shape[1], self.target_length)
return np.array(resize(to_pil_image(image), target_size))
def apply_coords(self, coords: np.ndarray, original_size: Tuple[int, ...]) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Expects a numpy array of length 2 in the final dimension. Requires the
original image size in (H, W) format.
"""
old_h, old_w = original_size
new_h, new_w = self.get_preprocess_shape(
original_size[0], original_size[1], self.target_length
)
coords = deepcopy(coords).astype(float)
coords[..., 0] = coords[..., 0] * (new_w / old_w)
coords[..., 1] = coords[..., 1] * (new_h / old_h)
return coords
def apply_boxes(self, boxes: np.ndarray, original_size: Tuple[int, ...]) -> np.ndarray:
"""
Expects a numpy array shape Bx4. Requires the original image size
in (H, W) format.
"""
boxes = self.apply_coords(boxes.reshape(-1, 2, 2), original_size)
return boxes.reshape(-1, 4)
def apply_image_torch(self, image: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Expects batched images with shape BxCxHxW and float format. This
transformation may not exactly match apply_image. apply_image is
the transformation expected by the model.
"""
# Expects an image in BCHW format. May not exactly match apply_image.
target_size = self.get_preprocess_shape(image.shape[0], image.shape[1], self.target_length)
return F.interpolate(
image, target_size, mode="bilinear", align_corners=False, antialias=True
)
def apply_coords_torch(
self, coords: torch.Tensor, original_size: Tuple[int, ...]
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Expects a torch tensor with length 2 in the last dimension. Requires the
original image size in (H, W) format.
"""
old_h, old_w = original_size
new_h, new_w = self.get_preprocess_shape(
original_size[0], original_size[1], self.target_length
)
coords = deepcopy(coords).to(torch.float)
coords[..., 0] = coords[..., 0] * (new_w / old_w)
coords[..., 1] = coords[..., 1] * (new_h / old_h)
return coords
def apply_boxes_torch(
self, boxes: torch.Tensor, original_size: Tuple[int, ...]
) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
Expects a torch tensor with shape Bx4. Requires the original image
size in (H, W) format.
"""
boxes = self.apply_coords_torch(boxes.reshape(-1, 2, 2), original_size)
return boxes.reshape(-1, 4)
@staticmethod
def get_preprocess_shape(oldh: int, oldw: int, long_side_length: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""
Compute the output size given input size and target long side length.
"""
scale = long_side_length * 1.0 / max(oldh, oldw)
newh, neww = oldh * scale, oldw * scale
neww = int(neww + 0.5)
newh = int(newh + 0.5)
return (newh, neww)

11
setup.cfg 100644
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[isort]
line_length=100
multi_line_output=3
include_trailing_comma=True
known_standard_library=numpy,setuptools
skip_glob=*/__init__.py
known_myself=segment_anything
known_third_party=matplotlib,cv2,torch,torchvision,pycocotools,onnx,black,isort
no_lines_before=STDLIB,THIRDPARTY
sections=FUTURE,STDLIB,THIRDPARTY,MYSELF,FIRSTPARTY,LOCALFOLDER
default_section=FIRSTPARTY

18
setup.py 100644
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# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
# All rights reserved.
# This source code is licensed under the license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
from setuptools import find_packages, setup
setup(
name="segment_anything",
version="1.0",
install_requires=[],
packages=find_packages(exclude="notebooks"),
extras_require={
"all": ["matplotlib", "pycocotools", "opencv-python", "onnx", "onnxruntime"],
"dev": ["flake8", "isort", "black", "mypy"],
},
)